The last team in the youth sector is the " spring " category, where the age limit is twenty, but a player from the first team (out of quota) can also take part in recovering from injuries and regaining the race pace.
The spring category is played by young people who are now mature for the first team and have a professional perspective; the teams that take part in this championship are companies that play with each other through a national championship, with the prospect of maturing some good elements.
Training sessions can be combined with those of the first team: often, in turn, spring players attend training sessions for older colleagues.
ANNUAL TRAINING PROGRAM FOR 10 TO 12 YEARS
To structure an adequate training program for children aged 10/12, we must take into consideration that there are a number of parameters, such as technical-tactical and coordination skills, from which we absolutely cannot infer.
REFERENCE SCHEME
MONTH | TECHNICAL SKILLS | TACTICAL CAPACITIES | COORDINATED CAPACITIES |
AUGUST | Conduction, passage, reception. Ways to kick | Door defense in numerical superiority. Game without ball. 7c7 | Games with and without ball |
SEPTEMBER | Conduction, passage, reception. Ways to kick | Passage in the free zone. Defense of the door in numerical inferiority. Game without ball. 7c7 - 11c11 | Games with and without ball |
OCTOBER | Passing, receiving. Ways to kick. Head shot. Ball defense. | Defense leads to numerical inferiority and numerical superiority. Procrastination. Creation of space. Passing and shooting. Game with and without the ball. 7c7 - 11c11 | Collective games with and without the ball |
NOVEMBER | Step, reception. Ways to kick. Head shot. Ball defense. Deception movement | Creation of space. Guarding. Game with and without the ball. Passing and shooting. 7: 7-11: 11 | Collective games with and without the ball |
DECEMBER | Verification of work done | Verification of work done | Collective games with and without the ball |
JANUARY | Step, reception. Ways to kick. Head shot. Deception movement. Dribbling. | Guarding. Procrastination. Door defense and position in numerical inferiority. 11c11 | Collective games with and without the ball |
FEBRUARY | Passing, receiving. Ways to kick the ball. Deception movement. Dribbling. | Door defense and position in numerical inferiority. 11c11 | Collective games with and without the ball |
MARCH | Step, reception. Ways to kick. Deception movement. Dribbling. | dissociation; Creation of space; Come on and go. 11c11 | Collective games with and without the ball |
APRIL | Step, reception. Ways to kick. Deception movement. Dribbling. Head shot. | Attack against defense with final conclusion. | Collective games with and without the ball |
MAY | Fundamentals of football in complex game situations | Attack against defense with final conclusion. | Collective games with and without the ball |
JUNE | Verification of the work done during the year | Verification of the work done during the year |
EXAMPLE:
TECHNICAL OBJECTIVES: domain, management, ways to kick, ways of receiving, shooting on goal
TACTICAL GOALS: 2 attackers against 3 defenders
DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONAL CAPABILITIES: joint mobility, strength, speed, rapid strength
DEVELOPMENT COORDINATIVE SKILLS: balance, orientation, adaptation, differentiation, reaction, rhythmization, coupling and combination.
EXERCISE DESCRIPTION:
15 minutes. introductory game: handball
20 minutes: Conduction internal and external foot conditioning
30 minutes: 2: 3 to reach the opposing goal on reduced pitches
20 minutes: pass and shot on goal
15 minutes: free play
NOTES: difficulties, errors etc. to be reported to redefine the objectives of the next lesson and of the annual plan.
LASTING MODEL
Today, thanks to the existing new technologies, it is possible to precisely define the performance model of a footballer.
If, for example, we take the race as a reference model, the parameters will be represented by the quality and the amount of travel that the player is able to perform throughout the whole game. In this regard it is necessary to take into account the different characteristics of the player, the role he holds and the movements he makes throughout the game; these movements can be indicated as follows:
- break
- path (4 km / h)
- jogging (8 km / h)
- run at low speed (12 km / h)
- run at moderate speed (16 km / h)
- high-speed race (21 km / h)
- Sprint (30 km / h)
- run backwards
The different speeds above have been detected on several occasions (various games) and mediated between various players.
The goalkeepers are considered separately, being a clearly different role due to the peculiarity of the service.
From the percentage analysis of the game run, the following conclusions were reached:
- for 17% of the total playing time the players stand still;
- for 40% they walk;
- 35% run at low speed;
- 8% of them run at high speed;
- for 0.6% they make sprints.
From these first analyzes it is clear that a player runs on average 10.8 km, with differences ranging from 9 to 14 km.
Defenders and attackers travel about the same amount of running km, with greater speed and a greater number of sprints than midfielders.
The attackers are the ones who perform the greatest number of head shots; the defenders do more contrasts instead.
An average of 30 passes and 15 interceptions are made for each player.
Other
The elite players:
- they stay or walk for more than half of the meeting
- they run more during the first half than the recovery, but the distance traveled at high speed remains unchanged on average
- they perform more at high speed than lower level players.
But how do we prepare our players for the data described above?
When we talk about training in football, we cannot fail to mention some authoritative authors:
- Cramer, 1987: "The best teacher for training is the race".
- Northpoth, 1988: "if the race is the best training it is also true that a good training must necessarily have the character of a race".
If we observe a player during the whole game, we notice that he performs various types of race: in line, with curves, with changes of direction, etc ... This leads us to deduce that the various exercises of running in football will have to put the emphasis on these characteristics, namely: running on the line, with changes of meaning, changes of direction and so on.
The traditional concept of football training must also be extended to all those factors that influence the performance of the player and that simultaneously increase the development of performance in the context of the team:
- Technique (coordination skills and kinetic abilities)
- Condition (strength, speed, resistance and flexibility)
- Psychic abilities
- Health, constitutional and predisposing factors
- Tactical and cognitive skills
- Social skills
A generic "pure" type of training should only be applied during regenerative, supplementary, compensatory training, etc ...
As it happens in young soccer players, even adults must carry out training that is not too unbalanced in any direction. This consideration is often valid for strength training, where it is often favored the strengthening of certain districts and the increase of certain parameters, neglecting what is the harmonious development of the organism and the need to successfully apply conditional improvements to the practice of the game.
SOCCER PLAYER SPEED
Perceptual speed
Ability to understand and intervene quickly during a given game situation.
Speed of anticipation
Ability to quickly understand the development of the game and above all the behavior of the opponent.
Speed of decision
Ability to quickly decide which of the various actions is best to choose for a correct continuation of the game.
Speed of reaction
Knowing how to react quickly in relation to unpredictable game situations.
Cyclic and acyclic motor speed
Ability to perform cyclic and acyclic movements, without and with the ball, at high speed.
Speed of action
Ability to perform specific actions quickly.
Speed of intervention
It is the ability to intervene as quickly as possible and with maximum efficiency, asserting all the qualities: cognitive, technical-tactical, physical, etc.
Flexibility
For a footballer, flexibility is of great importance, especially in order to prevent injuries that occur during the race. Hence the importance of proper athletic training, especially at a high level.
Edited by: Lorenzo Boscariol