fitness

Modern training: Training methods

Edited by Marino Macchio

Definition of Methodology

The "methodology" is not method and is not technical.

It questions which methods and techniques are used to know / explain reality.

To know means to follow a "methodological" order.

"The methodology is less rigorous and more general than formal logic, it has less substantive content ... The methodologist is not a technician, he does not teach how to proceed in the effective conduct of an investigation ... the methodology codifies the research practices in act to highlight what the next times deserves to be kept in mind "(Lazarsfeld and Rosenberg 1955, p. 3).

"The methodology examines research to make explicit the procedures that were used, the underlying assumptions, and the modes of explanation offered" (Lazarsfeld et al. 1972, p. Xi). "This codification of proceedings highlights the dangers, indicates the neglected possibilities and suggests possible improvements. Furthermore, it makes possible the generalization of methodological knowledge, transmitting the specific contributions of a given researcher to the patrimony of the scientific community "(Lazarsfeld 1967, p. 307).

Method: set of procedures, rules and principles, and use of specific ideas and specific tools that allow to know / explain and order reality.

The relationship between methods and techniques

The essential part of the concept of method lies in the choice of the most suitable techniques to deal with a cognitive problem and in the ability to modify existing techniques adapting them to one's specific problems, and to imagine new ones. Once a new procedure, or a change to an existing procedure, has been devised, codified and disseminated, it becomes a technique available to the research community. (Marradi 2007)

In conclusion, the total lack of reflection on methods and techniques (methodology) prevents evolution (in our case in the sporting discipline).

Methodology, methods and techniques in modern training

Modern training for increased strength, power or hypertrophy uses numerous methods that take advantage of overloads by varying the application parameters. The purpose of these methods is the creation of innumerable training combinations, in order to always supply the muscle with new stimuli and avoid addiction with its potential obstacle to further qualitative and quantitative developments. These parameters are essentially the type of exercise, the load, the number of repetitions, the number of the series, the pause time between the series and the execution speed of the movement.

By appropriately combining these variables, innumerable preparation systems can be obtained; in summary we speak of variations in volume and intensity, or in quantity or quality.

The volume, or quantity of work, constitutes a raw data, more simply the number of Kg raised in a work session, weekly, monthly or annually; the volume can be manipulated by acting on the number of repetitions, series, exercises or training days: 1000 kg can be the result of a series of 10 repetitions with 100 kg, or 2 series of 10 repetitions with 50 kg, or still 4 sets of 5 repetitions with 50 kg ... and so on.

The intensity or quality of work expresses something more, such as the percentage of weight referred to the ceiling, the executive speed and the duration of the recovery pauses.

It is important to remember that at the beginning of the preparation we must act above all on the quantity, gradually increasing it. Only later can the intensity be increased. In fact, a great deal of work provides long-term changes and organic adaptations, creating the necessary foundations for quality work.

Training methods and relative recovery times »