What is Mirapexin?
Mirapexin is a medicine that contains the active substance pramipexole. It is in the form of white "immediate release" tablets (round: 0.088 mg, 0.7 mg and 1.1 mg; oval: 0.18 mg and 0.35 mg) and in the form of white tablets "extended release "(round: 0.26 mg and 0.52 mg; oval: 1.05 mg, 2.1 mg and 3.15 mg). Immediate-release tablets release the active ingredient immediately, while extended-release tablets release it slowly over a few hours.
What is Mirapexin used for?
Mirapexin is used to treat the symptoms of the following diseases:
• Parkinson's disease, which is a progressive mental disorder that causes tremor, slowness of movement and muscle stiffness; Mirapexin can be used alone or in combination with levodopa (another medicine for Parkinson's disease), at any stage of the disease including the final stages when the effect of levodopa becomes less effective;
• moderate to severe restless legs syndrome, a disorder that irrepressibly pushes the patient to move his legs to stop the discomfort, pain or discomfort felt in the body, especially at night; Mirapexin is used when a specific cause of the disorder cannot be identified.
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription .
How is Mirapexin used?
In the treatment of Parkinson's disease the initial dose is either an immediate-release tablet of 0.088 mg three times a day, or an extended-release tablet of 0.26 mg once a day.
Every five to seven days the dose should be increased until symptoms are controlled without causing side effects that cannot be tolerated. The maximum daily dose is three 1.1 mg immediate-release tablets, three times a day, or one 3.15 mg prolonged-release tablet, once a day. Patients can switch from immediate-release to extended-release tablets during the night, but the dose may be adequate depending on the patient's response. Mirapexin should be given less frequently in patients who have problems with their kidneys. If for any reason the treatment is stopped, the dose should be gradually decreased.
In the treatment of restless legs syndrome, Mirapexin immediate-release tablets should be taken once a day, two or three hours before bedtime. The recommended starting dose is 0.088 mg but, if necessary, it can be increased every 4-7 days to further reduce the symptoms, up to a maximum of 0.54 mg. The patient's response and the need for further treatment should be evaluated after three months. Prolonged-release tablets are not suitable for the treatment of restless leg syndrome. Mirapexin tablets should be taken with water, with or without food. Prolonged-release tablets should not be chewed, divided or crushed and should be taken at about the same time each day. For more information, see the package leaflet.
How does Mirapexin work?
The active substance in Mirapexin, pramipexole, is a dopamine agonist (a substance that mimics the action of dopamine). Dopamine is a messenger substance contained in brain districts that control movement and coordination. In patients with Parkinson's disease, dopamine-producing cells begin to die, resulting in a decrease in the amount of dopamine present in the brain. Patients therefore lose the ability to control their movements reliably. Pramipexole stimulates the brain as well as dopamine, allowing patients to control their movements and reduce the signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease, including tremors, stiffness and slowed movements. The mechanism of action of pramipexole in restless legs syndrome is not yet fully known. This syndrome is thought to be caused by alterations in the functioning of dopamine in the brain, which can be corrected with pramipexole.
What studies have been carried out on Mirapexin?
In Parkinson's disease, Mirapexin immediate-release tablets were examined in five main studies. Four studies compared Mirapexin with a placebo (a dummy treatment): a study carried out on 360 patients at an advanced stage of the disease, already treated with levodopa, whose efficacy was beginning to fade; three studies out of a total of 886 patients at an early stage of the disease, not yet treated with levodopa. The main measure of effectiveness was the change in the severity of Parkinson's disease. The fifth study compared Mirapexin with levodopa in 300 patients at the early stage of the disease and measured the number of patients with symptoms at the motor level. In support of prolonged-release tablets, the company presented the results of studies that revealed that immediate-release and extended-release tablets produced the same levels of active ingredient in the body. He also presented studies that compared the two tablets at an early stage and at an advanced stage of Parkinson's disease and that examined the passage of patients from immediate-release to extended-release tablets.
In restless leg syndrome, Mirapexin immediate-release tablets were examined in two main studies. The first compared Mirapexin with placebo for 12 weeks in 344 patients and measured improvement in symptoms. The second included 150 patients who took Mirapexin for six months and compared the effects of continuing therapy with Mirapexin or switching to placebo. The main measure of effectiveness was the time taken before symptoms worsened.
What benefit has Mirapexin shown during the studies?
In the study carried out on patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, subjects taking immediate-release Mirapexin tablets had greater improvements after 24 weeks of treatment with the maintenance dose compared to those treated with placebo. Similar results were observed in the first three studies carried out on patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease, during which there were greater improvements after 4 or 24 weeks.
Mirapexin was also more effective than levodopa in improving early-onset motor symptoms. Further studies revealed that prolonged-release tablets were just as effective as immediate-release tablets in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. They also showed that patients can safely switch from immediate-release to prolonged-release tablets even if, in a small number of patients, adjustments in doses have had to be made.
In restless legs syndrome, the immediate-release Mirapexin tablets were more effective than placebo in reducing symptoms over 12 weeks, but the difference between placebo and Mirapexin was greater after four weeks before reducing. The results of the second study were not sufficient to demonstrate the long-term effectiveness of Mirapexin.
What are the risks associated with Mirapexin?
The most common side effect with Mirapexin (seen in more than 1 patient in 10) is nausea. In patients with Parkinson's disease, the other side effects seen in more than 1 in 10 patients are dizziness, dyskinesia (difficulty in carrying out controlled movements), drowsiness and hypotension (low blood pressure). For the full list of all side effects reported with Mirapexin, see the Package Leaflet.
Mirapexin should not be used in people who may be hypersensitive (allergic) to pramipexole or any of the other ingredients.
Why has Mirapexin been approved?
The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) decided that Mirapexin's benefits are greater than its risks for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, either alone or in combination with levodopa, and in the treatment of syndrome of Idiopathic moderate to severe restless legs with dosages up to 0.54 mg base. The committee recommended the granting of the marketing authorization for Mirapexin.
More information on Mirapexin
On 23 February 1998 the European Commission issued to Boehringer Ingelheim International
GmbH a marketing authorization for Mirapexin, valid throughout the European Union. The marketing authorization was renewed on February 23, 2003 and February 23, 2008.
The full EPAR for Mirapexin can be found here.
Last update of this summary: 07-2009.
