physiology of training

Circulatory adaptations in response to physical activity

Going from a resting condition to an intense exercise the cardiac output (given by the product of the systolic range for the heart rate) can increase by five times.

The figure shows the distribution of blood to the various organs at rest and under stress. Note the large percentage of blood that is conveyed to the muscles during intense exercise (80-85%).

The long-term consequences of sporting practice determine an increase in the number of capillaries especially in the muscular level. The increased capillarization ensures a greater supply of nutrients and oxygen to the active muscle and reduces peripheral resistance.

Aerobic activity, especially in the first training periods, causes an increase in volume, that is, in the amount of blood circulating. This phenomenon facilitates the activity of the cardiac pump and promotes peripheral circulation.

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