food diseases

Amanita Phalloides for short

Summary on the Amanita Phalloides

Scroll down the page to read the summary table on the Amanita phalloides

Amanita phalloides
  • Founder of highly deadly poisonous mushrooms
  • Ingestion → severe poisoning syndromes, with ominous outcome in the vast majority of cases
  • Polymorphism → strong ability to "camouflage" and to assume innumerable morphological features
Amanita phalloides: terminology More different names: angel of death, bastard ovule, Agaricus phalloides, Tignosa verdognola and Tignusa morteada

Etymology → phalloides: phallòs (phallus) and eîdos (form) → phallic conformation of the stem

Amanita phalloides: botanical description Hat
  • Shape: bell-shaped or conical, sometimes hemispherical
  • Color varies from gray to yellowish, and from brownish to white
  • Hat diameter variable from 4 to 15 cm
Stem:
  • Phallic form, which tends to widen as you go down
  • Characteristics: full when young, hollow in the old mushroom, but always bulbous at the base
Mushroom lamellae
  • very dense and unequal
Ring
  • White color
  • Conformation: wraps the stem like a handkerchief
Amanita phalloides: sensory characteristics Meat consistency: fibrous, white, firm

Odor: null from raw, unpleasant and fetid when wet

Amanita phalloides: toxic chemical components
  • Amantines (alpha and beta): cyclic peptides responsible for the selective blocking of the enzyme Rna-polymerase → (LD50) of amines: 0.1 mg / kg
  • Falloidins: mycotoxins with a peptide cycle structure → responsible for liver and gastrointestinal damage
Amanita phalloides: heat treatment Heat treatment does not kill toxins → thermostable substances
Amanita phalloides: phalloid poisoning syndrome 1 mg / kg of fungus per body weight is sufficient to produce irreversible damage to the liver

Poisoning:

  1. Latency phase: the poisonous molecule remains latent in the body (6-12-40 hours)
  2. Gastrointestinal phase: uncontrollable vomiting, excessive sweating, diarrhea and severe abdominal pain, dehydration associated with hypovolemia, acute renal failure and, sometimes, death
  3. Hepatic phase: exaggerated increase in transaminase and bilirubin, internal bleeding
  4. Severe hepatic insufficiency: very low values ​​of prothrombin activity, hepatic necrosis, hepatic coma, associated with respiratory failure, coagulopathy, convulsions and respiratory failure
  5. Death
Amanita phalloides: remedies DIAGNOSIS MUST BE TIMELY

liver transplantation and / or dialysis

Possible remedies:

  • gastric lavage
  • coal supply
  • forced diuresis
  • hemodialysis
  • plasmapheresis
  • possible antidotes: thioctic acid, silymarin and acubin
Amanita phalloides: how to recognize it Crush a piece of mushroom on a sheet of newsprint

Mark the halo with the pencil

Pour drops of muriatic acid

Blue spot formation → confirmation of the presence of amanita phalloides anatoxin