Definition
Polyuria consists of the production and excretion of large amounts of urine, which appear clear and diluted.
In case of polyuria, diuresis is greater than 2500-3000 ml in 24 hours.
The most common cause of polyuria is inadequately controlled diabetes mellitus. However, this symptom can also be caused by any process responsible for polydipsia (introduction of excess fluids).
At the base of the polyuria there may also be a deficit of vasopressin secretion (ADH, antidiuretic hormone) on the part of the hypothalamic-pituitary system or a decreased peripheral sensitivity to this hormone (central diabetes or nephrogenic diabetes).
Polyuria is also found in numerous nephropathies, including chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease and renal failure. In addition, it may result from the use of diuretics or excessive intravenous fluid administration in hospitalized patients.
Other causes include: edema reabsorption, resolution of urinary obstruction, hypercalcemia (due to cancer or hyperparathyroidism), hypoxic or ischemic cerebrovascular insult (eg stroke, head trauma and surgery), amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, drepanocytosis, Sjögren's syndrome and psychiatric disorders (bipolar disorder or schizophrenia).
Possible Causes * of Polyuria
- Amyloidosis
- Anaphylaxis
- Reactive arthritis
- Prostate cancer
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Diabetes
- Insipid diabetes
- sickle cell
- Cerebral hemorrhage
- Stroke
- Kidney failure
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism
- Beningna prostatic hypertrophy
- Cerebral ischemia
- Leptospirosis
- Malaria
- Multiple myeloma
- Graves' disease - Basedow
- Diabetic Nephropathy
- Psychogenic polydipsia
- Prostatitis
- Fanconi syndrome
- Reiter syndrome
- Reye syndrome
- Sjögren syndrome
- Kidney tumor
- Pituitary tumors
