Related articles: Hyperparathyroidism
Definition
Hyperparathyroidism is a clinical condition caused by excessive concentration of parathyroid hormone in the blood. In most cases, the cause of the problem is a benign tumor of one or more parathyroids, the neck glands responsible for the secretion of this hormone. Other times the disease is caused by an increase in volume and secretory activity of the same, while malignant neoplasms are rather rare; finally, hyperparathyroidism can result from chronic kidney disease or severe calcium and / or vitamin D deficiency due to insufficient dietary intake and / or poor intestinal absorption.
Most common symptoms and signs *
- Asthenia
- Heartburn
- Kidney stones
- Conati
- cruralgia
- Depression
- Mood disorders
- Abdominal pain
- Hand and wrist pain
- Bone pain
- Articolar pains
- hypercalcemia
- hyperreflexia
- Hypophosphatemia
- Nausea
- nocturia
- Osteopenia
- Osteoporosis
- Polyuria
- Intense thirst
- Confusional state
- Tremors
- Bone swelling
- He retched
Further indications
Hyperparathyroidism is often diagnosed following the random occurrence of hypercalcaemia during a routine blood test (for diagnostic confirmation, the condition must be associated with increased levels of parathyroid hormone in the blood). Onset symptoms generally include a slight slowing down of physical and mental capacities; the patient can therefore complain of difficulty concentrating, emotional instability, headache and easy fatigue. At other times, due to the increased urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus, hyperparathyroidism manifests itself clearly through a renal calculosis colic. In the absence of treatment, the disease demineralizes the bones facilitating the fracture and causes other symptoms of tissue suffering, especially against the retina, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and joints. Treatment is generally surgical with removal of the hyperplastic or adenomatous glands; alternatively there are specific drugs such as bisphosphonates, calcimimetics, calcium and vitamin D supplements, and estrogen replacement therapy for menopausal women.
