Hypoxia and anoxia mean, respectively, deficiency and absence of oxygen in a given organ or tissue of the body.
Moreover, " hypo " of hypoxia derives from the Greek upo which means " below ", while the " a " in front of anoxia (as in other words) has a privative value .
Local - that is, confined to a given region of the body - or systemic - that is, extended to the whole body - hypoxia and anoxia are conditions that can arise following ventilation disorders or blood oxygenation .
Hypoxia and cerebral anoxia represent the aforementioned situations with particular reference to the brain .
Therefore, in the case of cerebral hypoxia, the brain is only partially deprived of the necessary oxygen; while in the case of cerebral anoxia, the brain completely lacks any supply of oxygen.
Deficiency or lack of oxygen in the brain deprives the brain of what it needs to survive and function perfectly. Without oxygen, in fact, brain structure and functionality undergo serious alterations, sometimes permanent and of considerable magnitude.
CAUSES OF HYPOXIA AND CEREBRAL ANOSSIA
Hypoxia and brain anoxia can appear as a result of severe respiratory problems (asthma, drowning, suffocation, strangulation, crushing of the trachea, etc.), insufficient blood oxygenation (as in the case of altitude sickness) or reduced blood supply to the brain (stroke or transient ischemic attack).CLASSIFICATION OF BONES OF BRAIN OXYGEN
Experts considered it appropriate to distinguish partial or total deprivation of oxygen in the brain based on the severity of the consequences :This led to the recognition of 4 stages:
- Diffuse brain hypoxia
Induces mild to moderate impairment of brain function. After all, a small amount of circulating oxygen still remains.
- Focal cerebral ischemia
Remembering that the term ischemia indicates the absence of blood supply in a given tissue or organ, focal cerebral ischemia involves a circumscribed and limited region of the brain. It can result from the rupture of an aneurysm that induces a hemorrhagic stroke, but can also arise due to an occlusion of cerebral blood vessels, which causes a thrombotic or embolic stroke.
- Global cerebral ischemia
It is the total absence of cerebral blood supply in the brain.
- Cerebral infarction
It is the death of brain tissue. It takes place when the distribution of blood in the brain is not restored.
