diet examples

Example diet for Diabetes Mellitus type 2

Premise

The following indications are for information purposes EXCLUSIVELY and are not intended to replace the opinion of professional figures such as doctor, nutritionist or dietician, whose intervention is necessary for the prescription and composition of CUSTOMIZED food therapies.

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that affects glucose metabolism; if left untreated, this form of diabetes also affects the state of health, lowering the quality and life expectancy of the patient.

In Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 glucose, once absorbed from the intestinal tract and poured back into the circulatory stream - due to an alteration of the hormonal vehicle (insulin) or to a malfunction of the peripheral tyrosine kinase receptors that do not capture it sufficiently effective - remains in circulation causing a series of negative metabolic reactions ( NB . The nervous tissue is the only insulin-independent).

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 is a disorder that includes many facets, but what unites ALL clinical pictures is a situation of hyperglycaemia (> 110 mg / dl), possibly accompanied by hyper-insulin and hyperlipidemia (VLDL - hypertriglyceridemia); obviously, this often causes overweight, aggravation of hypertension, glycation of plasma proteins, pro-oxidation of APO-proteins B and consequent REDUCTION of the ability to bind to peripheral receptors (LDL hypercholesterolemia), increased risk of atherosclerosis, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and diabetic foot.

Causes and treatment

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has several etiological causes; the most common ones concern lifestyle: incorrect diet and abuse of carbohydrates, excess fat mass, lack of muscle mass, sedentariness; others are genetic, such as the structural alteration of insulin or peripheral receptors. Certainly, whatever the causes, the most effective therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus consists of:

  • Overweight / obesity reduction
  • Reduction of excess carbohydrates and restoration of nutritional balance
  • Motor therapy
  • Pharmacological therapy
  • Compensation for other dysmetabolisms.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Diet

The Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus diet is almost always made up of a low-calorie (for weight loss) regimen and, if not hypoglucidic, which provides the least amount of possible PUR carbohydrates while maintaining a certain nutritional balance; the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Diet CANNOT be removed from the start of motor therapy.

The basic principles of the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus diet are:

  • Hypocaloricity (if necessary)
  • Reduction of overall glycemic load
  • Reduction of the glycemic load of meals
  • Reduction of the glycemic index of meals
  • A supply of simple carbohydrates exclusively represented by the fructose naturally present in vegetables or by the lactose naturally present in milk and dairy products (possibly, simple CHOs must remain around 10-12% of total calories).

Which from a practical point of view translates into:

  • Choice of foods rich in fiber and drastic elimination / reduction of refined foods
  • Abolition of sweets, sweet carbonated drinks, fruit juices, beer and baked goods
  • Reduction of too sweet fruit and elimination of preserved fruit (candied, syruped, jams (questionable), dehydrated etc.)
  • Increase as much as possible of foods containing antioxidants (vegetables, NOT too sugary fruit).

Useful supplements

There are no essential supplements to the treatment / diet for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (the drugs are NOT supplements); however, it is obvious that a well thought-out supplement based on antioxidants (to try to improve the oxidative stress on lipoproteins) and, in the case of a highly hypocaloric diet, a fiber supplement (possibly viscous that improves the glycemic index of the meal and increase the sense of satiety) could be useful in improving the impact of nutritional treatment.

Diet example

  • Retired lady who manages to take long walks. It takes hypoglycemic drugs.
Sex F
Age 77
Stature cm 155
Wrist circumference cm 15.5
Constitution Normal
Stature / wrist 10.0
Morphological type normolineo
Weight kg 68
Body mass index 28.3
Rating Overweight
Desirable physiological body mass index 21.7
Desirable physiological weight kg 52.1
Basal kcal metabolism 1134.6
Coefficient of physical activity level SI aus 1, 56
Kcal energy expenditure 1769.9
Diet IPO CALORICA -30%1240 Kcal approx
Lipids 30% 372kcal 41, 3g
Protein 1.2g / kg * physiol. Weight 250, 1kcal 62, 5g
Carbohydrates 50.0% 617, 9kcal 164, 8g
Breakfast 15% 186kcal
Snack 10% 124kcal
Lunch 35% 434kcal
Snack 10% 124kcal
Dinner 30% 372kcal

NB. The example diet that follows is referred to a case of type 2 diabetes mellitus already pharmacologically compensated; therefore, the use of pasta and bread is allowed; however, even if the blood sugar were higher, it would not be possible to excessively distort the nutritional balance of the diet in favor of fats (which would limit weight loss) and / or proteins (which could excessively fatigue the liver and kidneys of a third person age).

Diabetes Type 2 Diet Example - DAY 1

Breakfast, about 15% kcal TOT
Milk with reduced fat content, 2% of the total150ml, 75.0kcal
Whole wheat bread, RAFFERMO50g, 121.5kcal
Snack, about 10% kcal TOT
Light yogurt125g, 70.0kcal
strawberries150g, 48.0kcal
Lunch, about 35% kcal TOT
Pasta with tomato sauce
Integral semolina pasta80g, 259.2kcal
Tomato sauce100g, 24.0kcal
Parmigiano10g, 39.2kcal
Lettuce100g, 18.0kcal
Extra virgin olive oil15g, 135.0kcal
Snack, about 10% kcal TOT
Light yogurt125g, 70.0kcal
Red sour cherries100g, 50.0kcal
Dinner, about 30% kcal TOT
Grilled chicken breast
Chicken breast100g, 110.0kcal
Eggplant200g, 48.0kcal
Whole grain bread25g, 60.8kcal
Extra virgin olive oil15g, 135.0kcal

Example diet for Diabetes Type 2 - DAY 2

Breakfast, about 15% kcal TOT
Milk with reduced fat content, 2% of the total150ml, 75.0kcal
Whole wheat bread, RAFFERMO50g, 121.5kcal
Snack, about 10% kcal TOT
Light yogurt125g, 70.0kcal
½ orange200g, 63.0kcal
Lunch, about 35% kcal TOT
Beans stewed
Dried beans80g, 279.9kcal
Parmigiano10g, 39.2kcal
Radicchio100g, 24.0kcal
Extra virgin olive oil15g, 135.0kcal
Snack, about 10% kcal TOT
Light yogurt125g, 70.0kcal
½ orange200g, 63.0kcal
Dinner, about 30% kcal TOT
Trout fillet
Trout, various species100g, 148.0kcal
Fennel200g, 62.0kcal
Whole grain bread25g, 60.8kcal
Extra virgin olive oil10g, 90.0kcal

Example diet for Diabetes Type 2 - DAY 3

Breakfast, about 15% kcal TOT
Milk with reduced fat content, 2% of the total150ml, 75.0kcal
Whole wheat bread, RAFFERMO50g, 121.5kcal
Snack, about 10% kcal TOT
Light yogurt125g, 70.0kcal
½ apple, with peel200g, 52.0kcal
Lunch, about 35% kcal TOT
White rice
Brown rice80g, 289.6kcal
Parmigiano10g, 39.2kcal
Rocket salad100g, 25.0kcal
Extra virgin olive oil15g, 135.0kcal
Snack, about 10% kcal TOT
Light yogurt125g, 70.0kcal
½ apple, with peel200g, 52.0kcal
Dinner, about 30% kcal TOT
Hard-boiled eggs
Chicken grapes100g, 143.0kcal
Potato100g, 85.0kcal
Whole grain bread25g, 60.8kcal
Extra virgin olive oil5g, 45.0kcal

Diabetes Type 2 diet example - DAY 4

Breakfast, about 15% kcal TOT
Milk with reduced fat content, 2% of the total150ml, 75.0kcal
Whole wheat bread, RAFFERMO50g, 121.5kcal
Snack, about 10% kcal TOT
Light yogurt125g, 70.0kcal
Kiwi100g, 61.0kcal
Lunch, about 35% kcal TOT
Chickpeas in broth
Chickpeas, dried90g, 300.6kcal
Parmigiano10g, 39.2kcal
Valerian100g, 18.0kcal
Extra virgin olive oil15g, 135.0kcal
Snack, about 10% kcal TOT
Light yogurt125g, 70.0kcal
Kiwi100g, 61.0kcal
Dinner, about 30% kcal TOT
Cod fillet in pan
Atlantic cod fillet100g, 82.0kcal
Chard200g, 38.0kcal
Whole grain bread25g, 60.8kcal
Extra virgin olive oil15g, 135.0kcal

Diabetes Type 2 diet example - DAY 5

Breakfast, about 15% kcal TOT
Milk with reduced fat content, 2% of the total150ml, 75.0kcal
Whole wheat bread, RAFFERMO50g, 121.5kcal
Snack, about 10% kcal TOT
Light yogurt125g, 70.0kcal
strawberries150g, 48.0kcal
Lunch, about 35% kcal TOT
Pasta with eggplant
Integral semolina pasta80g, 259.2kcal
Eggplant100g, 24.0kcal
Parmigiano10g, 39.2kcal
Lettuce100g, 18.0kcal
Extra virgin olive oil15g, 135.0kcal
Snack, about 10% kcal TOT
Light yogurt125g, 70.0kcal
Red sour cherries100g, 50.0kcal
Dinner, about 30% kcal TOT
Turkey breast
Chicken breast100g, 111.0kcal
Zucchini200g, 36, 0kcal
Whole grain bread25g, 60.8kcal
Extra virgin olive oil15g, 135.0kcal

Example of Type 2 Diabetes Diet - DAY 6

Breakfast, about 15% kcal TOT
Milk with reduced fat content, 2% of the total150ml, 75.0kcal
Whole wheat bread, RAFFERMO50g, 121.5kcal
Snack, about 10% kcal TOT
Light yogurt125g, 70.0kcal
½ orange200g, 63.0kcal
Lunch, about 35% kcal TOT
Beans stewed
Dried beans80g, 279.9kcal
Parmigiano10g, 39.2kcal
Radicchio100g, 24.0kcal
Extra virgin olive oil15g, 135.0kcal
Snack, about 10% kcal TOT
Light yogurt125g, 70.0kcal
½ orange200g, 63.0kcal
Dinner, about 30% kcal TOT
Trout fillet
Trout, various species100g, 97.0kcal
Fennel200g, 62.0kcal
Whole grain bread25g, 60.8kcal
Extra virgin olive oil15g, 135.0kcal

Example of Type 2 Diabetes Diet - DAY 7

Breakfast, about 15% kcal TOT
Milk with reduced fat content, 2% of the total150ml, 75.0kcal
Whole wheat bread, RAFFERMO50g, 121.5kcal
Snack, about 10% kcal TOT
Light yogurt125g, 70.0kcal
½ apple, with peel200g, 52.0kcal
Lunch, about 35% kcal TOT
White rice
Brown rice80g, 289.6kcal
Parmigiano10g, 39.2kcal
Rocket salad100g, 25.0kcal
Extra virgin olive oil15g, 135.0kcal
Snack, about 10% kcal TOT
Light yogurt125g, 70.0kcal
½ apple, with peel200g, 52.0kcal
Dinner, about 30% kcal TOT
Ricotta cheese
Cow ricotta, from semi-skimmed milk100g, 138.0kcal
Endive200g, 36, 0kcal
Whole grain bread25g, 60.8kcal
Extra virgin olive oil10g, 90.0kcal