Premise
The following indications are for information purposes EXCLUSIVELY and are not intended to replace the opinion of professional figures such as doctor, nutritionist or dietician, whose intervention is necessary for the prescription and composition of CUSTOMIZED food therapies.
Hiatal hernia
The hiatal hernia is a pathology caused by the ascent of a portion of the stomach from the abdominal cavity to the thoracic cavity, through the esophageal diaphragmatic hole; hiatal hernia affects up to 15% of Italians and, among the most frequent comorbidities, appears gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). There are three types of hiatal hernia: slipping (90% of cases - it is closely related to GERD), which affects the gastro-esophageal junction, from rolling (more rare is more dangerous) that affects the bottom of the stomach, and mixed.
The hiatal hernia is often asymptomatic and its diagnosis is frequently occasional; in other cases, its correlation to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease assimilates several symptoms, so it can appear: heartburn and retrosternal chest pain, regurgitation, bitter taste, intense salivation and hoarseness.
Hiatal hernia worsens with pregnancy and appears to be closely related to visceral obesity; therefore, weight loss in overweight subjects is often associated with a reduction in symptoms or slipping episodes (perhaps due to the decrease in intra-abdominal pressure) and the risk of more serious complications.
NB . Probably, some sports activities are able to promote the onset of hiatal hernia; this is the case of weight lifting or bodybuilding, in which the Valsalva maneuver is used (sometimes consciously) during the execution of the gesture.
Diet for hiatal hernia
From a nutritional point of view, it seems that hiatal hernia is strongly correlated with fiber and fluid deficiency. Both constipation and (consequently) an inadequate postural attitude during evacuation are probably attributable to it (once again the hiatal hernia correlates to the increase in intra-abdominal pressure). Summing up, from a statistical point of view, the hiatal hernia occurs with GREATer frequency during pregnancy, or in conjunction with visceral obesity, constipation and BIG COMFORT (which cause an unnatural dilatation of the stomach); it follows that the diet for hiatal hernia must boast characteristics of:
- Nutritional balance / energy intake weighted to any special physiological conditions (pregnancy) and to the subject's body mass index (if obese, the diet MUST be aimed at weight loss, therefore probably IPO-caloric)
- Prevention / cure of constipation
- Strong breakdown of meals
- Reduction in food volume and digestive commitment at dinner
Other useful tips are:
- Restricting clothes that are too tight
- Accurate chewing
- Avoid physical-motor activity after meals
- Avoid smoking
- In the presence of GERD, apply ALL dietary precautions for gastro-esophageal reflux disease (see related article): no to spices, no to alcohol, no to excessively abundant meals, no to excessively fatty meals, no to foods with insufficient or prolonged cooking, etc.
THERE ARE NO FOOD SUPPLEMENTS USEFUL TO THE DIET FOR IATAL HERNIA.
Example of Iatal Hernia Diet
INDICATED FOR:
- Overweight worker, having lunch with a sandwich and stuffing himself in the evening; does not practice physical motor activity
Sex | M | |||
Age | 34 | |||
Stature cm | 183 | |||
Wrist circumference cm | 17.2 | |||
Constitution | Normal | |||
Stature / wrist | 10.6 | |||
Morphological type | lanky | |||
Weight kg | 105 | |||
Body mass index | 31.4 | |||
Rating | obese | |||
Desirable physiological body mass index | 20.9 | |||
Desirable physiological weight kg | 70.0 | |||
Basal kcal metabolism | 1690 | |||
Coefficient of physical activity level | 1.41 | |||
Kcal energy expenditure | 2384 | |||
Diet | IPO CALORICA * | 1669 Kcal | ||
Lipids | 25% | 417, 3Kcal | 46.4 g | |
Protein | 1.2g / kg * physiol. Weight | 336, 0Kcal | 84, 0g | |
Carbohydrates | 54-9% | 915, 7kcal | 244, 2g | |
Breakfast | 15% | 250kcal | ||
Snack | 10% | 167kcal | ||
Lunch | 35% | 584kcal | ||
Snack | 10% | 167kcal | ||
Dinner | 30% | 501kcal |
Example Diet for Iatale Hernia - Day 1
Breakfast, around 15% | |||
Muesli, with fruit and dried fruit | 35g, 119kcal | ||
Low-fat milk | 250ml, 125kcal | ||
Snack 1, about 10% | |||
½ Apple, with peel | 100g, 52kcal | ||
Rice cakes | 30g, 117.6kcal | ||
Lunch, about 35% | |||
Cold pasta with beans and raw fennel | |||
Semolina pasta | 80g, 284, 8kcal | ||
Borlotti beans, canned, drained | 50g, 45.5kcal | ||
Uncooked fennels | 200g, 62kcal | ||
Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal | ||
Snack 2, about 10% | |||
½ Apple, with peel | 100g, 52kcal | ||
Rice cakes | 30g, 117.6kcal | ||
Dinner, about 30% | |||
Grilled chicken breast with spinach | |||
Chicken breast | 200g, 220kcal | ||
Frozen spinach | 200g, 58kcal | ||
Wheat bread | 50g, 133kcal | ||
Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal |
Example Diet for Iatale Hernia - Day 2
Breakfast, around 15% | |||
Dry biscuits, like Saiwa Gold | 35g, 127.8kcal | ||
Low-fat milk | 250ml, 125kcal | ||
Snack 1, about 10% | |||
½ Pear, with peel | 100g, 58kcal | ||
Rice cakes | 30g, 117.6kcal | ||
Lunch, about 35% | |||
Cold rice with beans and peppers | |||
White rice, polished | 80g, 286.4kcal | ||
Borlotti beans, canned, drained | 50g, 45.5kcal | ||
peppers | 200g, 44kcal | ||
Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal | ||
Snack 2, about 10% | |||
½ Pear, with peel | 100g, 58kcal | ||
Rice cakes | 30g, 117.6kcal | ||
Dinner, about 30% | |||
Ox-eye / boiled eggs with boiled potatoes | |||
Chicken eggs | 100g, 143kcal | ||
Potatoes | 200g, 154kcal | ||
Wheat bread | 50g, 133kcal | ||
Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal |
Example Diet for Iatale Hernia - Day 3
Breakfast, around 15% | |||
Muesli, with fruit and dried fruit | 35g, 119kcal | ||
Low-fat milk | 250ml, 125kcal | ||
Snack 1, about 10% | |||
½ Orange, without peel | 100g, 52kcal | ||
Rice cakes | 30g, 117.6kcal | ||
Lunch, about 35% | |||
Barley salad with lentils and zucchini | |||
Pearl barley | 80g, 281.6kcal | ||
Lentils, canned, drained | 50g, 41kcal | ||
Zucchini | 200g, 32kcal | ||
Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal | ||
Snack 2, about 10% | |||
½ Orange, without peel | 100g, 52kcal | ||
Rice cakes | 30g, 117.6kcal | ||
Dinner, about 30% | |||
Cow ricotta with boiled potatoes | |||
Semi-skimmed cow's milk ricotta | 200g, 207kcal | ||
Potatoes | 200g, 154kcal | ||
Wheat bread | 50g, 133kcal | ||
Extra virgin olive oil | 10g, 90kcal |
Example Diet for Iatale Hernia - Day 4
Breakfast, around 15% | |||
Dry biscuits, like Saiwa Gold | 35g, 127.8kcal | ||
Low-fat milk | 250ml, 125kcal | ||
Snack 1, about 10% | |||
½ Pear, with peel | 100g, 58kcal | ||
Rice cakes | 30g, 117.6kcal | ||
Lunch, about 35% | |||
Cold rice with peas and carrots | |||
White rice, polished | 80g, 286.4kcal | ||
Peas in cans (or frozen), drained | 50g, 34kcal | ||
carrots | 200g, 82kcal | ||
Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal | ||
Snack 2, about 10% | |||
½ Pear, with peel | 100g, 58kcal | ||
Rice cakes | 30g, 117.6kcal | ||
Dinner, about 30% | |||
Baked seabass and salad | |||
Sea bass, various species | 250g, 242, 5kcal | ||
Lettuce | 100g, 18kcal | ||
Wheat bread | 50g, 133kcal | ||
Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal |
Example Diet for Iatale Hernia - Day 5
Breakfast, around 15% | |||
Muesli, with fruit and dried fruit | 35g, 119kcal | ||
Low-fat milk | 250ml, 125kcal | ||
Snack 1, about 10% | |||
½ Apple, with peel | 100g, 52kcal | ||
Rice cakes | 30g, 117.6kcal | ||
Lunch, about 35% | |||
Cold pasta with chickpeas and tomatoes | |||
Semolina pasta | 80g, 284, 8kcal | ||
Chickpeas, canned, drained | 50g, 50kcal | ||
Ripe tomatoes | 200g, 38kcal | ||
Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal | ||
Snack 2, about 10% | |||
½ Apple, with peel | 100g, 52kcal | ||
Rice cakes | 30g, 117.6kcal | ||
Dinner, about 30% | |||
Grilled turkey breast with spinach | |||
Turkey breast | 200g, 222kcal | ||
Frozen spinach | 200g, 58kcal | ||
Wheat bread | 50g, 133kcal | ||
Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal |
Example Diet for Iatale Hernia - Day 6
Breakfast, around 15% | |||
Dry biscuits, like Saiwa Gold | 35g, 127.8kcal | ||
Low-fat milk | 250ml, 125kcal | ||
Snack 1, about 10% | |||
½ Pear, with peel | 100g, 58kcal | ||
Rice cakes | 30g, 117.6kcal | ||
Lunch, about 35% | |||
Cold rice with beans and peppers | |||
White rice, polished | 80g, 286.4kcal | ||
Borlotti beans, canned, drained | 50g, 45.5kcal | ||
peppers | 200g, 44kcal | ||
Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal | ||
Snack 2, about 10% | |||
½ Pear, with peel | 100g, 58kcal | ||
Rice cakes | 30g, 117.6kcal | ||
Dinner, about 30% | |||
Baked sea bream and radicchio | |||
Sea bream | 200g, 188kcal | ||
Radicchio | 100g, 13kcal | ||
Wheat bread | 50g, 133kcal | ||
Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal |
Example Diet for Iatale Hernia - Day 7
Breakfast, around 15% | |||
Muesli, with fruit and dried fruit | 35g, 119kcal | ||
Low-fat milk | 250ml, 125kcal | ||
Snack 1, about 10% | |||
½ Orange, without peel | 100g, 52kcal | ||
Rice cakes | 30g, 117.6kcal | ||
Lunch, about 30% | |||
Cow ricotta, with Brussels sprouts | |||
Semi-skimmed cow's milk ricotta | 200g, 207kcal | ||
Brussels sprouts | 200g, 74kcal | ||
Wheat bread | 50g, 133kcal | ||
Extra virgin olive oil | 10g, 90kcal | ||
Snack 2, about 10% | |||
½ Orange, without peel | 100g, 52kcal | ||
Rice cakes | 30g, 117.6kcal | ||
Dinner, about 35% | |||
Pizza marinara | |||
Pizza with tomato and oregano | 220g, 596, 2kcal |