health of the nervous system

Aphasia in brief: Summary on aphasia

Summary on aphasia

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Aphasia	Aphasia: language deficiency, usually due to cerebral pathologies. Aphasia identifies an alteration in the ability to understand and use both words and verbal expressions
Aphasia: incidence	150, 000 patients with aphasia in Italy Affects 40% of stroke patients in the left hemisphere 20, 000 new cases every year
Aphasia: etymologies and meaning of the term	Literal translation : aphasia derives from the Greek ἀφασία, meaning mutism Meaning : an aphasic patient is not always "one who does not speak", but also "one who speaks, without the ability to communicate"
Aphasia: general description	Aphasia affects multiple aspects of communication: word production structuring of words understanding of language repetition of words ability to repeat a word or phrase ability to express a concept, to speak or to write
Aphasia: causes	Stroke (stroke) Head trauma Multiple sclerosis Alzheimer's disease cerebrovascular Vascular injury Hemorrhage or ischemia Transient ischemia Brain infarcts Encephalitis and infectious processes Partial epileptic seizures Comic migraine Brain tumor
Aphasia: diseases associated with aphasia	Dysarthria Apraxia hemiplegia hemiparesis Amnesia hemianopia Epileptic attacks associated with loss of consciousness Movement alteration
Aphasia: associations	ALIAS, born in Italy around 1996 Federation A.IT.A, acronym of Italian Aphasic Associations General objectives of the associations : inform, raise awareness and involve the population, seek an alternative program, encourage research, encourage contact between the patient and the family member
Fluent aphasias	Description : intonation, rhythm, accent and duration of almost normal sentences; eloquence not entirely productive. Often the patient is not aware of his deficit Classification : Conduction or repetition aphasia Abnormal aphasia (amnesia nominum or amnesic aphasia) Sensory or Wernike aphasia Transcortical sensory aphasia
Non flowing fluids	Description : The intonation and rhythm of the words are evidently anomalous and particularly slow. Most affected individuals are aware of their verbal deficit refusing to speak, surrender Classification : Dynamic aphasia Transcortical motor aphasia Transcortical mixed aphasia Broca aphasia (or motor aphasia)
Global aphasias	The most severe form of aphasia: Non fluent speech Suppression of words Heavy impairment of language understanding Target: word production, processing and understanding of the same
Other classification of aphasia	Receptor aphasia Receptive aphasia Expressive or modification aphasia
Aphasia: key points for diagnosis	Capacity assessment of: understanding of words name / identify objects repeat some words recognition of words spelled slowly writing any neologisms repeat / imitate sounds
Differential diagnosis: Aachen test for aphasia	Objectives : Ascertain the disease and identify exactly the type of aphasia Evaluate the severity of aphasia Catalog and classify affected patients within a standard and precise syndrome Evaluation of: Spontaneous language Repetition of words Designation of objects or colors Repeating words Oral / written comprehension
Differential diagnosis: Token test for aphasia	Test of tokens: gives an idea about the comprehension of the oral language and the degree of alteration of the same
Other diagnostic tests for the assessment of aphasia	Language test Fluence test Evaluation of the cortical quotient Benton test
Aphasia: therapies	Speech therapy therapies Rehabilitation of communication Care of thoughts Learning therapy through visual, tactile and linguistic stimuli Linguistic approaches Linguistic-cognitive and pragmatic-communicative therapies Communicative rehabilitation through images and figures
Aphasia: therapies and clinical evidence	Targeted and continuous rehabilitation can bring extraordinary results The regularity of language rehabilitation seems indispensable for a good prognosis Bilingual patients relatively quickly regain the ability to speak and communicate with their mother tongue Minor aphasia: the patient recovers all his language skills without the need for targeted rehabilitation therapy

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