Related articles: Fluorosis
Definition
Fluorosis is a pathological condition due to the prolonged intake of an excessive amount of fluoride. Often, the cause is attributable to the ingestion of drinking water containing more than 10 ppm of fluoride (ionic form of fluorine).
In children, fluorosis may occur as a result of lower exposure (> 1 ppm of fluorides) during the development of tooth enamel.
Fluorosis depends on the dose, duration and period of administration of ingested fluoride; the latter can accumulate in the teeth and bones.
Most common symptoms and signs *
- leukonychia
- White Teeth on the Teeth
- Bone Sclerosis
- Bone swelling
- Wear of teeth
Further indications
The alterations induced by the excess of fluorine are represented early on by white-chalky patches, irregularly distributed on the surface of the dental enamel. These areas, with an irregular whitish and opaque appearance, become stained with yellow or intense brown, producing a characteristic marbled appearance. In the most extreme cases, fluorosis can involve the entire crown, which has a rough surface. Severe intoxication weakens the enamel, affecting the surface.
In adults, after prolonged and excessive intake of fluoride, bone alterations may develop, including osteosclerosis, exostosis of the spine and the valgus knee.
Fluorosis can also cause transverse white nail striae (leuconichia traverse or Mees striae).
At the moment, no tests are available to allow the diagnosis of intoxication.
Treatment involves reducing the intake of fluoride; for example, in areas where drinking water with high levels of fluoride is present, patients should not take fluoride supplements. Furthermore, children should be advised not to swallow fluorinated toothpastes.
