Related articles: Kidney failure
Definition
There is talk of insufficiency to emphasize the inability of an organ, in this case the kidney, to carry out its normal functions. This alteration can occur abruptly (acute renal failure) or occur slowly and gradually (chronic renal failure). In the latter case the progressive loss of renal function is generally due to severe forms of hypertension and diabetes, not adequately controlled by drug therapy. Prostatic hypertrophy, kidney stones, vesico-ureteral reflux or large tumors, are conditions that - hindering the normal outflow of urine - increase the pressure inside the kidneys reducing their functionality. Kidney damage can also be caused by inflammatory processes (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis) or by the formation of cysts inside the kidney (polycystic kidney disease). Even the chronic use of certain drugs, alcohol and drugs at high doses may favor onset, while acute poisoning of the same can cause an acute episode. The latter is often the complication of one or other serious disorders, which at first may be erroneously considered to be the cause of the symptoms.Most common symptoms and signs *
- Adynamia
- ageusia
- Halitosis
- anasarca
- Anemia
- Anorexia
- Anuria
- Asthenia
- Muscular atrophy
- Swollen arms
- Bromhidrosis
- Calcinosis
- Kidney stones
- Decline in sexual desire
- Cardiomegaly
- Swollen ankles
- ketonuria
- Coma
- Night Cramps
- Muscle cramps
- Dementia
- dysgeusia
- Dehydration
- Dysuria
- Foot pain
- Edema
- Tingling in the legs
- Galactorrhea
- Sore legs
- Swollen legs
- Legs tired, heavy legs
- Gynecomastia
- Glycosuria
- Increased blood urea
- Hypercholesterolemia
- hyperkalaemia
- hyperprolactinaemia
- hyperreflexia
- Hypertension
- Hyperuricemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Hyponatremia
- undernourishment
- Hypotension
- Muscular hypotrophy
- Hypovolemia
- Swollen lips
- Lethargy
- leukonychia
- Leukopenia
- Livedo Reticularis
- Thinness
- Backache
- Headache
- marasma
- meningism
- Functional Meteorism
- Metrorrhagia
- myoclonus
- Nausea
- nocturia
- oliguria
- Osteopenia
- Weight loss
- Swollen and tired feet
- Polyuria
- Proteinuria
- itch
- Leg itch
- Itching in the hands
- Growth delay
- Water retention
- Blood in the stool
- Blood in the urine
- Vaginal bleeding
- Mouth Metal Flavor
- Foam in urine
- Intense thirst
- Drowsiness
- Fatigue with spasms (spasmophilia)
- Uremia
- Dark urine
- Cloudy urine
- Pericardial effusion
- Pleural effusion
- He retched
Further indications
In chronic forms, renal failure passes almost unnoticed in its early stages. Only when the renal function is considerably diminished are the first symptoms manifested, which increase in severity as the levels of various substances in the blood are raised, including those of waste, and the blood pH. In the worst case, chronic renal failure requires surgical transplantation or the use of dialysis (artificial blood filtration). Unlike chronic renal failure, a kidney affected by an acute form often fully recovers its functions, allowing the patient to resume a completely normal life. The problem of chronic forms is instead linked to the non-specificity of symptoms, which when they become more severe often hide a loss of irreversible function.
