Related articles: Periodontitis
Definition
Periodontitis is the inflammation of the periodontium, that is, of that group of structures (such as periodontal ligament, gingiva, cement and alveolar bone) that fix the tooth in its seat. Usually, periodontitis is the result of inadequately treated gingivitis, which worsens over time. In periodontitis true periodontal "pockets" (commonly called gingival pockets) can form, between the root and the tooth, where the microorganisms nest and proliferate. When plaque and tartar are not removed, the inflammation continues to worsen until the gums and alveolar bone are demolished.
Most common symptoms and signs *
- Halitosis
- dysgeusia
- Jaw pain
- Gum pain
- Pain associated with chewing
- Facial pain
- Swollen Gums
- Retired Gums
- Reddened gums
- Toothache
- Teeth mobility
- Blood in Saliva
- Bleeding gums
Further indications
The symptoms of periodontitis are rare. Pain is also generally absent, unless an abscess forms or periodontitis is not associated with HIV. Characteristic symptoms of periodontitis are redness and swelling of the gums, which can be sore and prone to bleeding. The breath can be smelly.
In the terminal stages, with the progressive loss of bone tissue, the teeth lose their support and begin to move until they fall. The gums undergo regression.
The diagnosis is formulated with inspection of the oral cavity, probing of periodontal pockets with dental instruments and dental radiographs. The treatment involves careful cleaning to remove plaque and tartar deposits (scaling and root planing), as well as a home oral hygiene program.
Severe cases may also require the use of antibiotics or a surgical approach.
