OKI ® Ketoprofen

OKI ® is a drug based on ketoprofen lysine salt

THERAPEUTIC GROUP: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic drugs

IndicationsAction mechanismStudies and clinical effectiveness Usage and dosage instructionsWarnings Pregnancy and lactationInteractionsContraindicationsUndesirable effects

Indications OKI ® Ketoprofen

OKI ® is commonly used in the treatment of painful states of inflammatory origin both on a rheumatic and post-traumatic basis against the musculoskeletal, dental, respiratory and urological systems.

Mechanism of action OKI ® Ketoprofen

OKI ®, a medicine widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of pain associated with phlogistic states, presents ketoprofen as an active ingredient, a molecule derived from arylproprionic acid and one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

The therapeutic efficacy of this active ingredient is essentially due to the anti-inflammatory activity carried out through the inhibition of cyclooxygenases, enzymes able to catalyze the reaction that leads to the formation of prostaglandins, prostacyclines and thromboxanes, chemical mediators with intense phlogistic activity and responsible for both the increased vascular permeability and the intense recruitment of inflammatory cells that is observed during traumas and insults of various kinds.

Recent studies have however tried to further characterize the biological activity of ketoprofen, highlighting how this NSAID can act also protecting the tissues from the oxidative insult generated by the reactive oxygen species and at the same time reducing the pain sensation, through an active mechanism on the system central nervous system of non-opioid nature.

From the pharmacokinetic point of view, on the other hand, it has been shown that the possibility of taking ketoprofen lysine salt by rectal way, can significantly reduce the risk of adverse reactions, increasing at the same time the tolerability and acceptance of therapy, for a better therapeutic success .

Studies carried out and clinical efficacy

1. THE KETOPROPHENE IN POST-OPERATIVE PHASES

J GOOD. 2008 Oct-Dec; 13 (4): 519-23.

Work that demonstrates the great efficacy of ketoprofen, taken at dosages of about 100 mg daily, as an analgesic following major surgical procedures, as in the case of radical head-neck tumor removal.

2. THE KETOPROPHENES IN THE TREATMENT OF ACCIDENTS IN ATHLETES

Minerva Cardioangiol. 2008 Oct; 56 (5 Suppl): 47-53.

Study demonstrating how the use of ketoprofen in gel / ointment, therefore for topical use, may be more effective in the treatment of pain associated with minor injuries in professional athletes, minimizing potential side effects to a minimum.

3. KETOPROPHENES IN THE TREATMENT OF HEPATITIS C

J Viral Hepat. 2003 Jul; 10 (4): 306-9.

Clinical trial that assesses the possibility of extending the use of ketoprofen also to the treatment of chronic diseases such as hepatitis C. In fact, the efficacy of the association between ketoprofen and alpha interferon was evaluated, albeit with modest success, in this study.

Method of use and dosage

OKI ®

0.16% oral spray of ketoprofen lysine salt;

Suppositories of 30, 60, 160 mg of ketoprofen lysine salt;

Vials for intramuscular injection of 160 mg of ketoprofen lysine salt;

Granules for oral suspension of 80 mg of ketoprofen lysine salt;

Oral drops of 80 mg / ml of ketoprofen lysine salt;

Mouthwash at 1.6% ketoprofen lysine salt.

The dosage to be used during pain states on an inflammatory basis should be evaluated by your doctor based on the patient's health status, the severity of his / her clinical picture and the pharmaceutical form chosen for the treatment.

In principle the maximum daily usable dose should be less than 200 mg of ketoprofen, equal to 320 mg of ketoprofen lysine salt, taking care to further adapt it in the case of elderly patients or those suffering from renal and liver disorders.

In order to minimize the incidence of clinically significant side effects it is recommended to start therapy with the minimum effective dose.

Warnings OKI ® Ketoprofen

The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be preceded by an appropriate medical consultation useful to assess the prescriptive appropriateness and the possible presence of conditions incompatible with the planned therapy.

All treatments should be performed for the shortest period possible and at the lowest possible dosages in order to limit the incidence of serious side effects.

Particular attention should be paid to patients suffering from hepatic, renal, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases, for whom NSAID-based therapy is generally associated with a greater risk, intended both as an incidence of new adverse events and as an aggravation of pathological conditions already present .

At the onset of the first side effects, the patient should immediately inform his doctor and possibly lean towards the suspension of the therapy in progress.

It is useful to remember that the intake of ketoprofen by injection parenteral may be more frequently associated with the appearance of side effects from hypersensitivity, given the presence in OKI ® of excipients with allergenic power.

PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEEDING

It has long been known that prostaglandins play a key role in the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation, especially during the early stages of embryonic and fetal development.

For this reason, the intake of NSAIDs during pregnancy is often associated with the onset of fetal malformations, especially those affecting the gastro-intestinal and cardio-respiratory tracts, and unwanted abortions.

It is therefore important, both for the aforementioned reason and for possible complications at the time of delivery, to avoid taking Ketoprofen during pregnancy.

The contraindications also extend to the next stage of breastfeeding, given the ability of the active ingredients to be secreted, albeit minimally in breast milk.

Interactions

Patients taking ketoprofen or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should pay particular attention to different drug interactions, which often cause unwanted side effects.

More precisely among the possible interactions it has been shown as the contextual assumption of ketoprofen and:

Oral anticoagulants and inhibitors of serotonin reuptake, may increase the risk of bleeding;
Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II antagonists, methotrexate and cyclosporine, may increase the risk of hepatic and nephrotoxicity;
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids may contribute significantly to the induction of mucosal damage, especially in the gastric mucosa;
Antibiotics may alter the pharmacokinetic and therapeutic profile of both active ingredients.

Contraindications OKI ® Ketoprofen

The intake of OKI ® is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to the active ingredient or to one of its excipients, hypersensitive to acetylsalicylic acid and other analgesics, suffering from hepatic, renal and cardiac insufficiency, hemorrhagic diathesis, intestinal bleeding, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's or past history for the same conditions.

Undesirable effects - Side effects

Numerous clinical trials and careful post-marketing monitoring demonstrate how the use of ketoprofen, as well as that of other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, especially if continued for a long time or carried out at particularly high dosages, can be associated with the development of different effects collateral some of which are clinically significant.

More precisely, the tissues and apparatuses most affected are those:

Gastrointestinal with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, gastritis and in more serious cases ulcers with possible perforation and hemorrhages;
Nervous with the onset of headache, dizziness and drowsiness;
Integumentary subject to hypersensitivity manifestations such as rash, urticaria, angioedema, bullous reactions and photosensitivity;
Cardiovascular, associated with a greater risk of developing pathological events following prolonged administration;
Hepatic and renal, given the potential cytotoxicity of the product.