Definition
Pyloric stenosis is a syndrome characteristic of the pediatric age, caused by the narrowing of the pylorus (a valve placed between the stomach and the duodenum). In practice, the musculature surrounding the lower part of the stomach is hypertrophic (so it is over-developed) and causes a mechanical obstruction of the pyloric sphincter. This thickening of the gastric walls hinders the normal flow of food inside its own lumen, causing an important distension.
Pyloric stenosis mainly affects children between the third and tenth week of life, most often male. The disease is not present at birth, but develops later due to the intervention of various factors, such as elevated serum levels of prostaglandins or abnormal muscle innervation.
Most common symptoms and signs *
- Cachexia
- Conati
- Stomach cramps
- Dehydration
- Pain in the upper part of the abdomen
- Hunger
- Abdominal swelling
- Jaundice
- Lethargy
- oliguria
- Weight loss
- Constipation
- Inflated stomach
- He retched
Further indications
The excessive development of the musculature surrounding the pylorus causes contractions and spasms of this valve, which make it difficult to empty the stomach. Stenosis can therefore lead to episodes of violent (jet) vomiting, consisting of the milk just taken. It can also be associated with persistent hunger, insufficient weight gain or even significant weight loss. In addition, a localized swelling in the upper right part of the abdomen is perceptible to the touch.
If persistent and inadequately treated, pyloric stenosis can induce severe dehydration with reduction of diuresis and deterioration of general conditions.
In case of diagnostic suspicion, the patient must undergo an abdominal ultrasound. On radiological examination, the obstruction that prevents food from passing from the stomach to the duodenum is evident.
Pyloric stenosis is typically treated surgically and the prognosis is usually excellent.
