They have a predominantly tubular or ovoid shape. They are delimited by an external membrane similar to the cellular one; inside, separated by a space of about 60-80 A, there is a second membrane introflected in ridges, circumscribing a space occupied by the mitochondrial matrix. The inner membrane has a type of particles called elementary particles, on which the respiration enzymes are arranged in order (oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the mitochondria).
Mitochondria are those organelles where most of the eukaryotic cells ATP are produced and are present in almost all types of both plant and animal cells. These dynamic processes occur by transporting metabolites and electrons, on elementary particles, from one enzyme to another, with gradual energy transfer.
Mitochondria contain mitochondrial DNA, RNA and ribosomes.
If we consider the mitochondria as microorganisms that metabolize the catabolites of the host cell, and in particular those fragments in which the glucose molecule has been split in the anaerobic, cytoplasmic phase of its demolition, we will see that the mitochondria will tend to crowd and multiply precisely where the their nourishment is more abundant, that is where the demolition of glucose, due to the greater demand for energy, is more intense. In particular, in the muscles the mitochondria are aligned along the bundles of fibers, and their number and volume grows with the request, that is with the training.
The fact that the mitochondria have their own hereditary heritage, an autonomous reproduction, etc., suggests the fact that they too can present a certain variability, albeit limited, and this concept is studied as one of the components of efficiency individual physics.
Click on the names of the various organelles to read the in-depth analysis
Image taken from www.progettogea.com
Edited by: Lorenzo Boscariol
