Definition
Micrognathia is a congenital craniofacial anomaly in which the mandible appears to be smaller in size and volume than the maxilla. The malformation is due to insufficient prenatal development.
Micrognathia may appear in an isolated or hereditary form. It is found in numerous genetic syndromes and chromosomal anomalies, including trisomy 13 or 18, "Cri du Chat" syndrome (5p monosomy) and progeria.
Furthermore, a hypoplastic mandible can manifest itself in Turner syndrome, Pierre Robin syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome, Russell-Silver syndrome and Marfan syndrome.
In other cases, micrognathia is a consequence of skeletal dysplasias or other malformations (eg cleft palate) that interfere with growth and development.
Possible Causes * of Micrognathia
- Achondroplasia
- Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
- cleft palate
- Progeria
- Rubella
- Marfan syndrome
- Turner syndrome
- Feto-alcohol syndrome
- Trisomy 13
- Trisomy 18
