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MACAR ® Ciprofloxacin

MACAR ® is a drug based on Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate

THERAPEUTIC GROUP: Antimicrobials - antibiotics for systemic use

IndicationsAction mechanismStudies and clinical effectiveness Usage and dosage instructionsWarnings Pregnancy and lactationInteractionsContraindicationsUndesirable effects

Indications MACAR ® Ciprofloxacin

MACAR ® is an antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory, genitourinary, otorhinolaryngological, cutaneous, osteoarticular and abdominal infections sustained by microorganisms sensitive to Fluoroquinolones and in particular to Ciprofloxacin.

Mechanism of action MACAR ® Ciprofloxacin

Ciprofloxacin, the active ingredient of MACAR ®, is a semi-synthetic antibiotic belonging to the second-generation Fluoroquinolones family characterized by a broad spectrum of action targeting Gram-negative aerobic bacterial species, including pseudomonaceae, and Gram-positive cocci.

The bacteriostatic action of this antibiotic is guaranteed:

  • From the interaction with the A subunit of the bacterial DNA-gyrase and the consequent formation of a ternary compressed Chinolone-gyrase-DNA, which prevents any nucleic acid wrap;
  • From the interaction with consequent inhibition of DNA topoisomeraseIV, responsible for the separation of the double helices.

The inhibition of the aforementioned enzymes is realized with the arrest of the replicative mechanisms, therefore also with the negative control on the processes of bacterial proliferation.

Despite the high efficacy of Ciprofloxacin, the inadequate use of this antibiotic over time has favored the onset of different resistance mechanisms, responsible for the significant reduction of the therapeutic activity of the drug and of the worsening of the clinical course of the disease.

Studies carried out and clinical efficacy

CIPROPHLOXACINE IN THE TREATMENT OF PYTHONFLOW

Clinical trial demonstrating that treatment with Ciprofloxacin for only 7 days can be effective in controlling bacterial infection during pyelonephritis, significantly improving renal function.

RESISTANCE MECHANISMS: EXPRESSION OF EFFLUSSO PUMPS

Very interesting molecular study that demonstrates some of the mechanisms underlying the onset of drug resistance in various microorganisms. In this case the increased expression of efflux pumps was evaluated, able to avoid the achievement of therapeutic concentrations in the microbial cytosol.

PHOTOSENSIBILITY FROM CIPROFLOXACINA

Work demonstrating how the use of Ciprofloxacin in patients with cystic fibrosis, may lead to an increased risk of phototoxicity with the appearance of severe rash and erythema.

Method of use and dosage

MACAR ®

250 mg coated tablets - 500 mg - 750 mg of Ciprofloxacin;

Considering the therapeutic range, generally between 500-1500 mg of Ciprofloxacin per day, the dosage schedule for Ciprofloxacin should be defined by your doctor based on the patient's general health condition, the severity of the clinical picture and the therapeutic goals to be achieved .

Warnings MACAR ® Ciprofloxacin

Note the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Ciprofloxacin, and especially considering the elevated glomerular filtration rate, the use of MACAR ® should be done with particular caution in patients suffering from renal pathologies rather than in elderly subjects.

The same caution should also be reserved for pediatric patients, given the documented risk of major joint artopathies, and to patients with glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency, given the increased incidence of hemolytic episodes.

Patients on MACAR ® should avoid direct exposure to sunlight due to the photosensitizing action of Ciprofloxacin, hence the relative risk of developing burns and erythemas.

PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEEDING

The numerous scientific evidences that demonstrate Ciprolfoxacin's ability to cross the placental barrier and concentrate in breast milk, place serious limitations on the use of MACAR ® in pregnancy and in the subsequent breastfeeding phase, given the high risk of direct exposure .

Interactions

The patient on MACAR ® should pay particular attention to the simultaneous use of:

  • Foods, supplements and drugs containing divalent metals, given the ability to form chelating complexes, responsible for reducing the therapeutic efficacy of the antibiotic;
  • Tiazanidine, methotrexate, theophylline, xanthine and phenytoin due to the altered tubular secretion induced by ciprofloxacin;
  • Oral anticoagulants, due to the increased anticoagulant activity induced by Ciprofloxacin.

Contraindications MACAR ® Ciprofloxacin

The use of MACAR ® is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to the active substance or to one of its excipients, rather than in patients receiving contextual therapy with tizanidine or suffering from chronic renal failure.

Undesirable effects - Side effects

Although MACAR ® therapy is generally well tolerated and has no clinically relevant side effects, it is important to remember that the use of Ciprofloxacin, especially prolonged over time, can determine the appearance of:

  • Gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and in severe cases pseudomembranous colitis;
  • Neurological reactions such as headache, irritability, asthenia and sleep disorders;
  • Light sensitivity;
  • Changes in renal and hepatic function;
  • Osteoarticular disorders.

Note

MACAR ® is a prescription-only drug.

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