Related articles: Melasma
Definition
Melasma is a form of cutaneous hyperpigmentation of the face, characterized by the appearance of a series of brown-brown spots, often joined together.
Melasma stains have irregular contours and inhomogeneous shapes; they are distributed on the cheekbones, nose, forehead, chin and upper lip.
The precise causes of the disorder are unknown, but it is assumed that at the base there is an excessive hormonal stimulation, able to increase the activity of the melanocytes and induce an overproduction of melanin. Not surprisingly, therefore, melasma can be associated with a protracted intake of the contraceptive pill or irregular menstrual cycles, due to estrogen imbalances.
The appearance of hyperpigmented patches on the skin of the face can also affect women during pregnancy, starting from the fourth to fifth month. In this case, we speak of chloasma (or gravidic mask).
Sun exposure can accentuate hyperpigmentation. Other aggravating factors are thyroid autoimmune diseases and some photosensitizing drugs, such as hydantoin.
Melasma is more common in dark-skinned people and with relatives who have suffered from the problem.
Stains can be attenuated spontaneously after delivery or with the suspension of oral contraception. Other times, it is possible to intervene with laser techniques, chemical peels, microdermabrasion and products that can lighten the skin by counteracting the action of melanin, such as hydroquinone.
Possible Causes * of Melasma
- Pregnancy
