Definition
Pitting is a sign of the altered keratinization of the proximal nail matrix. On the surface of the lamina appear small point-like depressions, variable in shape and distribution, which give the nail an appearance similar to a sewing thimble.
The punctuation of the nail plate is determined, in particular, by the presence of groups of paracheratotic cells, which interrupt the normal keratinization process. These cells persist in the overlapping layers that make up the nail plate and are easily detached.
Therefore, as the nail grows towards the distal portion, a gradual desquamation of these cells occurs, leaving a superficial pitting.
Diseases that can cause pitting as a symptom are psoriasis, alopecia areata, chronic eczema and lichen planus. In the psoriatic nail, the punctuation of the nail plate is generally deeper.
Possible Causes * of Nail Pitting
- Alopecia areata
- Dermatitis
- Lichen planus
- Psoriasis
