Related articles: Hypovolemia
Definition
Hypovolemia is a reduction in the volume of circulating blood. A frequent cause is represented by blood loss (external or internal bleeding), generally due to trauma, surgery or injury to the wall of internal organs.
Hypovolemia can also result from excessive fluid loss due to:
- dermal (excessive sweating, thermal or chemical burn)
- gastrointestinal (diseases that cause vomiting and diarrhea)
- renal (diabetes mellitus or insipid, adrenal insufficiency, chronic renal failure and abuse of diuretics).
Furthermore, the decrease in the circulating blood mass can occur due to an increase in capillary permeability, secondary to inflammation or to a traumatic injury (eg crush trauma), or due to sepsis or acute pancreatitis.
Possible Causes * of Hypovolemia
- Aortic aneurysm
- Cholera
- Dengue
- Diabetes
- Insipid diabetes
- Ebola
- Lassa fever
- Marburg hemorrhagic fever
- Kidney failure
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Leptospirosis
- Malaria
- Addison's disease
- Pancreatitis
- Peritonitis
- Schistosomiasis
- Sepsis
- Septic shock
- Duodenal ulcer
- Gastric ulcer
- Peptic ulcer
- Burns
- Esophageal varices
