Definition
Neoplasms of the salivary glands are rather rare; in fact, they represent about 2-3% of all head and neck cancers. Most of these neoplasms are benign and originate in the parotid glands; the tumors of the submandibular glands, minor salivary and sublingual follow. Malignant tumors of the salivary glands, on the other hand, are rarer.
These tumors generally occur in adults.
Most common symptoms and signs *
- Dysphagia
- Neck pain
- Jaw pain
- Pain associated with chewing
- Facial pain
- Parotid enlargement
- Nodule
- Paresthesia
Further indications
Benign tumors of the salivary glands usually appear as swelling, slow growth, under the chin or around the jaw. Normally, these masses are not sore.
Malignant tumors, on the other hand, are characterized by rapid growth and can cause pain in the face, neck or mouth, difficulty in swallowing, paraesthesia, numbness or loss of motor function. Malignant tumors are hard, nodular, often with poorly defined contours. Over time, the overlying skin or mucosa may ulcerate, invading adjacent tissues. In addition, spread to regional lymph nodes and distant metastasis can occur, especially in the lungs, liver, bones or brain.
Each suspected case must be evaluated by fine needle aspiration or biopsy. Diagnostic imaging (CT or MRI) can be useful for locating the tumor and describing its extension.
Treatment includes surgical excision and radiotherapy.
