Definition
Erythema multiforme is an acute inflammatory disease that affects the skin or mucous membranes.
The disorder depends on a hypersensitivity reaction associated with some infections or the use of drugs (especially penicillin, sulfonamides and barbiturates).
The most frequently identified cause is a herpes simplex virus infection. Less often, this skin reaction can be induced by vaccines against diphtheria-tetanus, polio and antituberculosis. Erythema multiforme can also occur in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae .
Erythema minor minor of the hands (note the pale center of the lesions). From wikipedia.org
See More Photos of Eritema Multiforme
Most common symptoms and signs *
- Oral aphthosis
- bubbles
- Burning in the mouth
- Edema
- Erythema
- Skin erosion
- macules
- papules
- itch
- Skin Ulcers
- blisters
Further indications
Erythema multiforme manifests itself as an acute-onset polymorphic eruption, composed of macules, papules, vesicles and "target" lesions, with symmetric and centripetal distribution (it affects both sides of the body and extends from the extremities towards the center) .
The skin lesions are called "on target", "on iris" or "on cockade", since they have a typical polycyclic or ring-like appearance in which a erythematous-purple central disk and a pink halo are separated by a pale intermediate ring.
Erythema multiforme appears mainly on the face and at the level of the distal extremities of the limbs (palms of the hands and soles of the feet). At the eruption site, patients may experience itching or a burning sensation.
On some occasions, erythema multiforme also involves the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, leading to erosive lesions and vesicles on the palate and gums.
The diagnosis is based on the physical examination; rarely, biopsy is required. Erythema multiforme must be distinguished from urticaria, vasculitis, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus and dermatitis herpetiformis.
Erythema multiforme is self-limiting, therefore it resolves spontaneously and no specific treatment is generally required. Topical corticosteroids and analgesics can help relieve symptoms.
In cases attributable to adverse drug reactions, immediate suspension of the substance deemed responsible is required. In patients with frequent or symptomatic recurrences of herpes simplex, on the other hand, antiviral therapy may be indicated.
