Related articles: Flat foot
Definition
The flat foot is a malformation characterized by the lowering of the longitudinal vault (or plantar arch) and by the valgus-pronation of the calcaneus. This causes a marked internal rotation of the foot under load (ultrapronation) and an increase in the support surface. The altered weight distribution that follows predisposes to the development of degenerative and painful phenomena.
The flat foot can be structured (of congenital origin) or adaptive (secondary to postural defects and other pathologies). They can predispose to the disorder: traumas and fractures of the foot or ankle, neurological pathologies (such as spina bifida), rheumatoid arthritis and myopathies. The factors that increase the risk also include obesity and overweight, incorrect postural habits, inadequate footwear and prolonged periods of inactivity of the lower limbs.
Most common symptoms and signs *
- calli
- Foot pain
- Heel pain
- Articolar pains
- Joint hypermobility
- Backache
- Metatarsalgia
- Loss of balance
- Swollen and tired feet
- Joint stiffness
- Cracked Heels
Further indications
The reduction (or disappearance) of the plantar arch can cause premature fatigue and pain in the foot, especially under the plant, in the medial region and in the heel area. Furthermore, the back of the foot may appear swollen, as can the inside of the ankle.
Possible consequences of flat feet include hallux valgus, hammer toes, plantar fasciitis, metatarsalgias, tendinopathies (especially of the posterior tibial muscle tendon), arthrosis and collapse of the arch. When the flat foot is very marked, the knee joint also adapts to this condition, structuring itself in valgus.
The treatment of flat feet involves the use of corrective orthoses and orthotics (in children) and compensatory (in adults). Muscular reinforcement can also be useful by performing appropriate exercises. The most serious cases, on the other hand, may make it necessary to perform some surgical procedures to correct the pronation of the heel and make the arch of the foot rise.
