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The following indications are for information purposes EXCLUSIVELY and are not intended to replace the opinion of professional figures such as doctor, nutritionist or dietician, whose intervention is necessary for the prescription and composition of CUSTOMIZED food therapies.
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a disorder related to the rise of gastric contents in the esophagus which, not having the necessary protections towards a pH so acidic, can be damaged in the long term by determining a symptomatology characterized by:
Gastro-oesophageal reflux is a PHYSIOLOGICAL manifestation (about 50 episodes a day), but what determines GERD is the alteration of the balance between aggressive agents (acid gastric content) and the preventive-defensive ones of the esophagus; the latter are: the anti-reflux barrier (consisting mainly of the lower esophageal sphincter - SEI - which activity, in the GERD, is partially compromised) and the mucous trophism (stratified paved epithelium that prevents the passage of acid ions to the submucosa - in GERD considerably worn down by the chemical stress of gastric contents).
The diagnostic criteria of gastro-esophageal reflux disease are mainly related to symptoms: reflux episodes that last at least 3-5 minutes and are associated with heartburn, regurgitation and pain. However, especially in the initial phase, gastro-esophageal reflux disease is almost totally asymptomatic and for the diagnosis it is necessary: an associated pH-metric evaluation and, possibly, an esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
NB . GERD occurs more frequently in the obese than in normal-weight subjects.
Supplements useful for gastro-esophageal reflux disease
There are no real supplements useful to prevent or treat gastro-esophageal reflux disease; on the other hand, considering that drug therapy consists predominantly of inhibitors of gastric secretion, the subject suffering from GERD could benefit from herbal products useful in case of gastritis.
Diet for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
The diet for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is aimed at:
- If necessary, reduce overweight
- Restart meals more and reduce their volume
- Eliminate foods that promote gastric secretion (nervini: coffee, tea, alcohol)
- Eliminate spices and carbonated drinks
- Eliminate / minimize high fat meals
- Eliminate / minimize low-digestible protein foods, then raw or with prolonged cooking
- Eliminate / minimize very cold or very hot foods
- Eliminate / minimize chocolate, mint, onion and garlic.
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease must also be associated with certain well-defined habits; for example: abolition of cigarette smoking, elimination of tight clothing, maintenance of an upright posture during and after meals, prolonged chewing, going to bed at least 3 hours after a meal and not performing physical efforts immediately after a meal.
Example Diet for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
- Overweight electrician who often sleeps on the couch after meals.
| Sex | M | |||
| Age | 40 | |||
| Stature cm | 182 | |||
| Wrist circumference cm | 18.1 | |||
| Constitution | Robust | |||
| Stature / wrist | 10.1 | |||
| Morphological type | normolineo | |||
| Weight kg | 85 | |||
| Body mass index | 25.7 | |||
| Rating | Overweight | |||
| Desirable physiological body mass index | 24.1 | |||
| Desirable physiological weight kg | 79.8 | |||
| Basal kcal metabolism | 1805 | |||
| Coefficient of physical activity level | NO aus 1, 41 | |||
| Kcal energy expenditure | 2545.1 | |||
| Diet | IPO CALORICA - 10% | 1780 Kcal approx | ||
| Lipids | 25% | 445kcal | 49, 4g | |
| Protein | 1.2g / kg * physiol. Weight | 383kcal | 95, 8g | |
| Carbohydrates | 53.5% | 952kcal | 253, 9g | |
| Breakfast | 15% | 267kcal | ||
| Snack | 10% | 178kcal | ||
| Lunch | 35% | 623kcal | ||
| Snack | 10% | 178kcal | ||
| Dinner | 30% | 534kcal | ||
It was decided to invert the foods commonly used for lunch with those for dinner in order to obtain a lower gastric commitment in the hours preceding sleep; in this way it is possible to face sleep with the stomach almost completely emptied, minimizing gastro esophageal reflux.
Example Anti-reflux diet - Day 1
| Breakfast, about 15% kcal TOT | |||
| Milk with reduced fat content, 2% of the total | 150ml, 75kcal | ||
| Bitter cocoa | 10g, 39.8kcal | ||
| Muesli | 30g, 102.0kcal | ||
| honey | 10g, 30.4kcal | ||
| Snack, about 10% kcal TOT | |||
| Light yogurt | 125g, 70.0kcal | ||
| strawberries | 150g, 48.0kcal | ||
| Rusks | 15g, 63.9kcal | ||
| Lunch, about 35% kcal TOT | |||
| Grilled pork chop | |||
| Chop, lean meat | 200g, 254kcal | ||
| Zucchini | 200g, 32kcal | ||
| Whole grain bread | 90g, 218.7kcal | ||
| Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal | ||
| Snack, about 10% kcal TOT | |||
| Light yogurt | 125g, 70.0kcal | ||
| Red sour cherries | 100g, 50.0kcal | ||
| Rusks | 15g, 63.9kcal | ||
| Dinner, about 30% kcal TOT | |||
| Pasta with tomato sauce | |||
| Semolina pasta | 60g, 213.6kcal | ||
| Tomato sauce | 100g, 24.0kcal | ||
| Parmigiano | 10g, 39.2kcal | ||
| Fennel | 100g, 62.0kcal | ||
| Whole grain bread | 30g, 72.9kcal | ||
| Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal | ||
Example anti-reflux diet - Day 2
| Breakfast, about 15% kcal TOT | |||
| Milk with reduced fat content, 2% of the total | 150ml, 75kcal | ||
| Bitter cocoa | 10g, 39.8kcal | ||
| Muesli | 30g, 102.0kcal | ||
| Honey | 10g, 30.4kcal | ||
| Snack, about 10% kcal TOT | |||
| Light yogurt | 125g, 70.0kcal | ||
| ½ apple, with peel | 100g, 50.7kcal | ||
| Rusks | 15g, 63.9kcal | ||
| Lunch, about 35% kcal TOT | |||
| Veal steak | |||
| Veal loin | 200g, 232kcal | ||
| Artichokes | 150g, 70.5kcal | ||
| Whole grain bread | 90g, 218.7kcal | ||
| Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal | ||
| Snack, about 10% kcal TOT | |||
| Light yogurt | 125g, 70.0kcal | ||
| ½ apple, with peel | 100g, 50.7kcal | ||
| Rusks | 15g, 63.9kcal | ||
| Dinner, about 30% kcal TOT | |||
| Rice with zucchini | |||
| Brown rice | 60g, 217.2kcal | ||
| Zucchini | 100g, 16.0kcal | ||
| Parmigiano | 10g, 39.2kcal | ||
| Eggplant | 100g, 48.0kcal | ||
| Whole grain bread | 30g, 72.9kcal | ||
| Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal | ||
Example anti-reflux diet - Day 3
| Breakfast, about 15% kcal TOT | |||
| Milk with reduced fat content, 2% of the total | 150ml, 75kcal | ||
| Bitter cocoa | 10g, 39.8kcal | ||
| Muesli | 30g, 102.0kcal | ||
| Honey | 10g, 30.4kcal | ||
| Snack, about 10% kcal TOT | |||
| Light yogurt | 125g, 70.0kcal | ||
| Kiwi | 100g, 61.0kcal | ||
| Rusks | 15g, 63.9kcal | ||
| Lunch, about 35% kcal TOT | |||
| Hard-boiled eggs | |||
| Chicken eggs | 100g, 143kcal | ||
| Potatoes | 250g, 192.5kcal | ||
| Whole grain bread | 90g, 218.7kcal | ||
| Extra virgin olive oil | 10g, 90kcal | ||
| Snack, about 10% kcal TOT | |||
| Light yogurt | 125g, 70.0kcal | ||
| Kiwi | 100g, 61.0kcal | ||
| Rusks | 15g, 63.9kcal | ||
| Dinner, about 30% kcal TOT | |||
| Boiled beans and carrots | |||
| Dried beans | 50g, 155.5kcal | ||
| carrots | 200g, 82.0kcal | ||
| Parmigiano | 10g, 39.2kcal | ||
| Whole grain bread | 30g, 72.9kcal | ||
| Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal | ||
Example anti-reflux diet - Day 4
| Breakfast, about 15% kcal TOT | |||
| Milk with reduced fat content, 2% of the total | 150ml, 75kcal | ||
| Bitter cocoa | 10g, 39.8kcal | ||
| Muesli | 30g, 102.0kcal | ||
| Honey | 10g, 30.4kcal | ||
| Snack, about 10% kcal TOT | |||
| Light yogurt | 125g, 70.0kcal | ||
| strawberries | 150g, 48.0kcal | ||
| Rusks | 15g, 63.9kcal | ||
| Lunch, about 35% kcal TOT | |||
| Baked sea bass | |||
| Sea bass, various species | 200g, 194kcal | ||
| Zucchini | 200g, 32kcal | ||
| Whole grain bread | 90g, 218.7kcal | ||
| Extra virgin olive oil | 20g, 180kcal | ||
| Snack, about 10% kcal TOT | |||
| Light yogurt | 125g, 70.0kcal | ||
| Red sour cherries | 100g, 50.0kcal | ||
| Rusks | 15g, 63.9kcal | ||
| Dinner, about 30% kcal TOT | |||
| Pasta with eggplants | |||
| Semolina pasta | 60g, 213.6kcal | ||
| Eggplant | 100g, 24.0kcal | ||
| Parmigiano | 10g, 39.2kcal | ||
| Fennel | 100g, 62.0kcal | ||
| Whole grain bread | 30g, 72.9kcal | ||
| Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal | ||
Example anti-reflux diet - Day 5
| Breakfast, about 15% kcal TOT | |||
| Milk with reduced fat content, 2% of the total | 150ml, 75kcal | ||
| Bitter cocoa | 10g, 39.8kcal | ||
| Muesli | 30g, 102.0kcal | ||
| Honey | 10g, 30.4kcal | ||
| Snack, about 10% kcal TOT | |||
| Light yogurt | 125g, 70.0kcal | ||
| ½ apple, with peel | 100g, 50.7kcal | ||
| Rusks | 15g, 63.9kcal | ||
| Lunch, about 35% kcal TOT | |||
| Sea bream in foil | |||
| Sea bream | 200g, 180kcal | ||
| Artichokes | 150g, 70.5kcal | ||
| Whole grain bread | 90g, 218.7kcal | ||
| Extra virgin olive oil | 20g, 180kcal | ||
| Snack, about 10% kcal TOT | |||
| Light yogurt | 125g, 70.0kcal | ||
| ½ apple, with peel | 100g, 50.7kcal | ||
| Rusks | 15g, 63.9kcal | ||
| Dinner, about 30% kcal TOT | |||
| Rice with radicchio | |||
| Brown rice | 60g, 217.2kcal | ||
| Radicchio | 100g, 24.0kcal | ||
| Parmigiano | 10g, 39.2kcal | ||
| Eggplant | 100g, 48.0kcal | ||
| Whole grain bread | 30g, 72.9kcal | ||
| Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal | ||
Example anti-reflux diet - Day 6
| Breakfast, about 15% kcal TOT | |||
| Milk with reduced fat content, 2% of the total | 150ml, 75kcal | ||
| Bitter cocoa | 10g, 39.8kcal | ||
| Muesli | 30g, 102.0kcal | ||
| Honey | 10g, 30.4kcal | ||
| Snack, about 10% kcal TOT | |||
| Light yogurt | 125g, 70.0kcal | ||
| Kiwi | 100g, 61.0kcal | ||
| Rusks | 15g, 63.9kcal | ||
| Lunch, about 35% kcal TOT | |||
| Ricotta cheese | |||
| Semi-skimmed cow's milk ricotta | 100g, 138kcal | ||
| Potatoes | 250g, 192.5kcal | ||
| Whole grain bread | 90g, 218.7kcal | ||
| Extra virgin olive oil | 10g, 90kcal | ||
| Snack, about 10% kcal TOT | |||
| Light yogurt | 125g, 70.0kcal | ||
| Kiwi | 100g, 61.0kcal | ||
| Rusks | 15g, 63.9kcal | ||
| Dinner, about 30% kcal TOT | |||
| Chickpeas and boiled celery | |||
| DRIED chickpeas | 60g, 200.4kcal | ||
| Celery | 200g, 32.0kcal | ||
| Parmigiano | 10g, 39.2kcal | ||
| Whole grain bread | 30g, 72.9kcal | ||
| Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal | ||
Example anti-reflux diet - Day 7
| Breakfast, about 15% kcal TOT | |||
| Milk with reduced fat content, 2% of the total | 150ml, 75kcal | ||
| Bitter cocoa | 10g, 39.8kcal | ||
| Muesli | 30g, 102.0kcal | ||
| Honey | 10g, 30.4kcal | ||
| Snack, about 10% kcal TOT | |||
| Light yogurt | 125g, 70.0kcal | ||
| strawberries | 150g, 48.0kcal | ||
| Rusks | 15g, 63.9kcal | ||
| Lunch, about 35% kcal TOT | |||
| Pan-fried cod | |||
| Cod fillets | 200g, 164.0kcal | ||
| Endive | 200g, 34kcal | ||
| Whole grain bread | 90g, 218.7kcal | ||
| Extra virgin olive oil | 25g, 225kcal | ||
| Snack, about 10% kcal TOT | |||
| Light yogurt | 125g, 70.0kcal | ||
| Red sour cherries | 100g, 50.0kcal | ||
| Rusks | 15g, 63.9kcal | ||
| Dinner, about 30% kcal TOT | |||
| Pasta with spinach | |||
| Semolina pasta | 60g, 213.6kcal | ||
| spinach | 100g, 23.0kcal | ||
| Parmigiano | 10g, 39.2kcal | ||
| Fennel | 100g, 62.0kcal | ||
| Whole grain bread | 30g, 72.9kcal | ||
| Extra virgin olive oil | 15g, 135kcal | ||
