AMPLITAL ® Ampicillin

AMPLITAL ® is a drug based on Ampicillin

THERAPEUTIC GROUP: General antimicrobials for systemic use - broad-spectrum penicillins

IndicationsAction mechanismStudies and clinical effectiveness Usage and dosage instructionsWarnings Pregnancy and lactationInteractionsContraindicationsUndesirable effects

Indications AMPLITAL ® Ampicillin

AMPLITAL ® is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by Gram + and Gram - bacteria, not ampicillin resistant.

Mechanism of action AMPLITAL ® Ampicillin

AMPLITAL ® is a broad-spectrum antibiotic useful in the treatment of bacterial infections of different organs and systems supported by Gram-positive and negative non-penicillinase resistant bacteria.

The microbicide activity is supported by Ampicillin, an active ingredient belonging to the family of synthetic derivatives of 6-aminopeniccilanic acid capable of inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis.

Taken orally or parenterally, it quickly reaches the maximum plasma concentration, concentrating at the level of the various biological fluids, where by preventing the formation of cross-links between the various peptidoglycan molecules, it compromises the stability of the bacterial wall, thus making the micro-organisms particularly susceptible to osmotic shock.

Despite the wide spectrum of action, which makes the use of this antibiotic easy and relatively safe, it should be remembered that the expression of penicillinase can inactivate the ampicillin thus rendering the therapy ineffective.

From the pharmacokinetic point of view instead the typical acidity of ampicillin allows the oral intake of AMPLITAL ®, thus increasing both the compliance and the therapeutic success.

Studies carried out and clinical efficacy

1. THE AMPICILLIN IN THE TREATMENT OF POLYMONITES FROM KLEBSIELLA

J Infect Chemother. 2012 Mar 30. [Epub ahead of print]

Klebsiella Pneumoniae is a microorganism responsible for ab ingestis pneumonia and hospital infections, especially in patients who are weak and elderly. In these cases, ampicillin therapy, although almost always effective, could facilitate the emergence of resistant strains, therefore requiring the need for supportive antibiotic therapy.

2 . HOSPITAL INFECTIONS: ENTEROCOCCHI AMPICILLINA RESISTANT

PLoS One. 2012; 7 (2): e30319. Epub 2012 Feb 17.

Recent epidemiological study that denounces the growing appearance of pathogenic agents and in particular ampicillin-resistant enterococci in a hospital environment, such as to greatly compromise the health status of patients and the relative antibiotic efficacy of the therapy.

3. NEUROTOSSICITY FROM AMPICILLINA

J Oral Pathol Med. 2012 Mar; 41 (3): 268-71.

Experimental study conducted on mice that demonstrates how the perineural administration of ampicillin can determine the appearance of neurotoxicity on the infraorbital nerve, compromising the functionality of directly innervated districts.

Method of use and dosage

AMPLITAL ®

Tablets containing 1 g of ampicillin trihydrate;

500 mg capsules of ampicillin trihydrate;

Solution and solvent for intramuscular injection of 500 - 1 g of ampicillin every 4 ml of solation;

treatment with AMPLITAL ® should be established by your doctor after a careful evaluation of the patient's state of health, possible anamnestic even positivity to hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins and cephalosporins and clearly the clinical picture.

Note the half-life of ampicillin, of about 6-8 hours, it would be appropriate to divide the entire dosage, generally in adults between 2 and 3 grams per day, in 2-3 different administrations.

Warnings AMPLITAL ® Ampicillin

AMPLITAL ® therapy should be preceded by a careful medical history, useful to reveal the possible presence of conditions incompatible with the therapy, and from the isolation and characterization of the microorganism and its sensitivity to ampicillin.

It is in fact useful to remember that the abuse of antibiotics can facilitate the appearance of multi-drug resistant bacteria, greatly reducing the bactericidal efficacy of antibiotic therapy.

AMPLITAL ® is ineffective against ampicillin-resistant microorganisms, given the high sensitivity to penicillinases.

The entire treatment should be supervised by your doctor, who should periodically monitor, especially in the early stages of therapy, the patient's liver and kidney function.

PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEEDING

Given the absence of studies able to characterize the safety profile of ampicillin when taken during pregnancy, it would be appropriate to limit as much as possible the intake of AMPLITAL ® during pregnancy and in the subsequent period of breastfeeding, reserving it exclusively for cases of reality need.

Interactions

In light of the studies in the literature, the patient receiving AMPLITAL ® should pay particular attention to the simultaneous intake of:

Allopurinol, given the increased risk of developing allergic reactions;
Probenecid, responsible for the increase in blood concentrations and the hepatic and renal side effects of ampicillin.

Particularly debated are the possible consequences linked to the simultaneous administration of antibiotics and estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives, responsible for a likely lowering of contraceptive coverage.

Contraindications AMPLITAL ® Ampicillin

The use of AMPLITAL ® is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to penicillins and cephalosporins or their excipients and during pregnancy and lactation.

Undesirable effects - Side effects

Although the intake of ampicillin is generally well tolerated, it is possible, especially in predisposed patients, that AMPLITAL ® therapy determines the appearance of gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea and nausea, renal diseases such as tubulo-glomerular damage and urinary anomalies, alterations hematologic factors such as leukopenia, neutropenia and haemolytic anemia, neurological symptoms such as headache and vertigo.

Of particular clinical importance are also all dermatological and non-dermatological manifestations, linked to hypersensitivity reactions towards the drug, potentially responsible also for bronchus and laryngospasm and anaphylactic shock.