Related articles: Otosclerosis
Definition
Otosclerosis is a disease that affects the ear and leads to progressive hearing loss.
The disorder originates at the otic capsule level (cartilaginous structure that contains and protects the auricular labyrinth), which is affected by a process of osteodystrophy (structural and functional degeneration of the bone tissue). In particular, an abnormal accumulation of newly formed bone is created, which ends up involving the oval window (opening between the middle ear and the vestibule of the inner one).
Otosclerotic foci progressively reduce the mobility of the last of the ossicles (staffa), causing predominantly transmissive hearing loss.
Usually, otosclerosis occurs in adult subjects, most often female. In about half of the cases, the disease is transmitted by a hereditary mechanism, mainly linked to the sex chromosome X. The measles virus is a triggering factor in subjects with a genetic predisposition to otosclerosis.
Otosclerosis may involve one or both ears.
Most common symptoms and signs *
- Tinnitus
- Tinnitus
- Hearing loss
- Loss of balance
- Dizziness
Further indications
The process of otosclerotic osteogenesis causes a progressive hearing impairment, generally of a transmissive or mixed (transmissive-neurosensory) nature. Hearing loss can be associated with vertigo, severe and persistent auricular (tinnitus) and balance disorders. The ankylosis (blocking) process of the stirrup may progress more rapidly during pregnancy and lactation.
The diagnosis is formulated based on the results of audiological examinations.
The evolution of otosclerosis can be slowed down, sometimes, by suitable medical therapies (eg administration of sodium fluoride orally). A hearing aid can help restore hearing. Alternatively, a surgical procedure can be performed that allows rehabilitation of the movement between the bracket and the oval window (stapedotomy).
