doping

Addiction

What is the Aspiration?

Habituation is a phenomenon in which the user's body develops a certain degree of resistance to the action of the drug or drug taken on; this entails the need for gradually increasing doses to obtain the desired effects previously obtained with lower doses.

In practice, the organism becomes more adept at metabolizing the active ingredient or loses sensitivity towards it at the cellular level. The concept of addiction is therefore combined with that of tolerance and the only ways to face it reside in the increase of the dose or in the temporary suspension of the treatment. In fact, addiction represents a reversible state, given that the original sensitivity to the active principle is restored by suspension of use; therefore addictive drugs or supplements are typically used cyclically and intermittently.

The implementation must not be confused with the pharmacological dependence, even if the latter often favors the development of the emergence inducing in the individual the absolute need to take a certain substance.

Health risks

The phenomenon of addiction depends not only strictly on the type of drug, supplement or drug taken (not all of them present this risk), but also on the conditions of use and individual characteristics. Unfortunately the increase in dosages to cope with addiction is accompanied by the parallel, sometimes exponential, rise in side effects.

Tolerance and addiction generally develop gradually, but this is not always the case. It is the case, for example, of laxatives, to which many people resort to solve problems of constipation; the use of these products, especially if they have a drastic action, produces a particularly abundant evacuation, such that it will take 2-3 days for a quantity of faecal material to accumulate to produce a new evacuation. During this time, many people interpret the lack of stimulation as a perpetuation of constipation, and are therefore led to take a new dose of laxative to obtain a purgative effect. Given the scarcity of faecal material there is also a tendency to increase the dose to obtain a more abundant and "satisfactory" defecation.

Beyond this example, questionable in some respects, the actual addiction mainly affects psychoactive substances, such as benzodiazepines (alprazolam, diazepam, lorazepam), alcohol, opiates (morphine, codeine, heroin and the like), amphetamines and nicotine. Let's take an example to better clarify the concept: although the lethal dose of morphine per os in a normal subject is about 200 mg, among drug addicts there are cases of tolerance up to doses of 2 or more grams.

Even anabolic steroids are subject to the phenomenon of addiction, such that professional bodybuilders often come to use "horse" dosages and pharmaceutical combinations.

As for the supplements, the phenomenon of addiction accompanies the prolonged use of the so-called "stack", thermogenic or fat burning, based on caffeine (mate, cola, guarana, coffee, tea, cocoa), ephedrine (no longer admitted as a supplement), bitter orange and synephrine. Creatine also gives a kind of addiction, given that once saturated muscle stocks any further supplementation is practically useless.