In about 90% of cases, bad breath (halitosis) depends on insufficient oral hygiene. In particular, it is the excessive microflora that resides on the tongue that is most frequently called into question.
Like the one that feasts in plaque, tartar and gum pockets, the lingual microflora produces volatile sulfur compounds (especially hydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan) and other substances responsible for the odor, such as some short chain fatty acids.
For this reason the simple brushing of the teeth is not enough to fight bad breath; attention should also be paid to sites that are difficult to clean with common oral hygiene practices, such as the surface of the tongue.
Tongue cleaning is not only a formidable ally in the fight against halitosis; the lingual patina is in fact a reserve of microorganisms capable of influencing the bacterial flora of the entire oral cavity. A clean tongue therefore means a slowing down in the formation of bacterial plaque and its accumulation, which consequently reduces the risk of caries and gingivitis.
The cleaning of the tongue ( brushing ) can be carried out using the classic brush or - preferably - using a special tool called a lingual scraper. The cleaning technique with the brush involves the positioning of the instrument horizontally, keeping the handle perpendicular to the central line of the tongue, which must be extruded (ie made to come out of the mouth, so as to be able to reach with the bristles the rear areas of the lingual back, where the greatest number of bacteria is present). The toothbrush should be pushed down with a slight pressure towards the tip of the tongue. It is preferable to use a soft bristle toothbrush to avoid stressing the taste buds too much, located on the sides and at the base of the tongue; it is also possible to use the rubber back part of brushes specifically designed to facilitate lingual cleaning.
The scraper, on the other hand, must be passed back and forth on the surface of the tongue with a slight but firm movement, always proceeding from the inside to the tip of the tongue.
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