The tactic can be both collective and individual.
Collective tactics: it is a coordinated action between two or more players, aimed at achieving a previously determined purpose.Individual tactics: these are all the devices and movements by which our performance is useful and economical.
The tactic must be performed autonomously by each player in the game. Each player must be the author of the tactical drawing.
Attention that without the technique you cannot do tactics. Therefore children or amateur adults must be instructed in the technique. You cannot teach a tactical drawing or study prearranged movements if you are unable to handle the ball.
The ideal player is the one who has a precise technique and speed of execution combined with repeated speed of movement, inserted in game actions, with a rapid and varied ability to make tactical decisions.
Time is the key to playing soccer. Marking or marking time, beat time, passage time, etc. .....
The coach's job must be to improve the playing times, not on the passive application by the players, of pre-arranged schemes and fixed times. Football is a situation sport, you can't predict what will happen during the game, so the coach has to get his players used to decision-making autonomy in a system that is clear to everyone.
We can divide the football game essentially into two distinct parts:
- Ball possession phase (my team has the ball, regardless of the position of the court and the player)
- Non-possession phase (the opposing team has the ball, regardless of the position of the field and the player)
In individual tactics in the ball possession phase the player must know:
- The unmarking: in the light area (area where it is possible to receive the ball); diagonally
- Defense and protection of the ball: at each reception I have to put the body to protect the ball; always go against the ball; always go to the point of falling on balloons that come from above
- Passage: precision determines the advantage over the conduct of the ball: it is faster; I pass several opponents in one go; determines less energy consumption
- Ball guide, fake and dribbling
- Shot on target
During the non-possession phase, he must know:
- Position statement: diagonal to the ball; go back to the door
- Marking: a man (the position is determined by the opponent); a zone (the position is determined by the ball)
- Interception and / or advance: direct contrast; indirect contrast (putting the opponent in the shadow zone)
- Door defense: defending the goalkeeper in his interventions; do not turn around in the event of possible opponents' shots; cover of part of the door with the body; do not hinder your goalkeeper
The collective game principles, in the ball possession phase are:
Staggering: the players must never be in line, but must form triangles between them.
Penetration: or even depth and verticalization. We must arrive as early as possible near the penalty area of the opponents, to be in a dangerous area for the opponents and far from that of danger for our team.
Amplitude: exploit all the width of the playing field to create useful spaces and open the meshes of the opposing defense
Mobility or movement: football is movement. The creation of space is dictated by the movements of individuals
Unpredictability: every situation must be made unpredictable for the opponents, even if repeated, through feints, etc.
The principles of the game during the non-possession phase are:
Staggering: it is necessary to arrange oneself in such a way to tighten the free field to the opponents as much as possible. Staggering also means being able to give reciprocal coverage to comrades.
Delaying action: intervening to alter the playing times of the opponents, making the opposing team lose time in the depth, or limiting the playing times. It can be implemented through two different attitudes: procrastination; pressing and offside
Concentration: referred to the location on the pitch. The defense must be positioned in such a way as to defend the dangerous area of the field, that is the one in front of our door, with more elements.
Balance: maintaining the possibility of mutual coverage in all circumstances
Control and limitation: don't get caught by the ball, but respect the defense of the spaces in front of our door.
Analyzing some of the most used terms in football, their meaning is:
The tactics of principle or strategy of play : it is the choice that you want to implement in the perspective of a single race.
Pressing : can be defensive or low, offensive or medium, ultra offensive or high. It is a collective tactic aimed at reconquering the ball, following pressure.
Pressure: it is an action of applied technique (individual tactic), which has the purpose of limiting time and space to the opponent's ball holder.
The off-side is a consequence of pressing, as the team rises towards the ball and towards the players closer to the ball to limit space and time to the opponents.
Intersections and overlapping : intersections are actions of individual tactics without the ball that foresee changes of position, through cross-races between two companions. It is mainly used in the attack phase to free up spaces.
Overlaps ran to the shoulders of a teammate who was sent the ball, overtaking him in an attempt to gain space ahead or numerical superiority.
Possession of the ball: it is a tactical action of a department or a team, by means of which an attempt is made to free up space for the opponents. It is implemented through a series of simple steps, trying to make the ball run over the entire width of the field.
Support or support: go close to a teammate in possession of the ball, in order to carry out a possession or attack action.
Numerical superiority: it is the tactical condition that is sought with every action of game, in opposition to the adversaries, thanks to the continuous movements in synchrony in the space and in the time.
Edited by: Lorenzo Boscariol
