supplements

GLUTA MAX- EUROSUP - Micronized glutamine

Information on GLUTA MAX- EUROSUP - Micronized glutamine

GLUTA MAX ultramicro - EUROSUP

Food supplement based on L-Glutamine in micronized powder

FORMAT

Jar of 200 grams

COMPOSITION

l-Glutamine micronized soluble powder

Measuring cup: L-Glutamine: 1.75 grams

NOTE: the l-glutamine contained in Gluta Max ultramicro is a micronized powder product. The micronization is able to reduce the product in particles of very low diameter and weight, guaranteeing a better solubility in aqueous environment, and avoiding the formation of insoluble bottom bodies, which introduced could, being osmotically active, attract water in the intestinal tract, with consequent diarrhea or cramps. It must be considered, however, that already the polar nature of this amino acid makes it particularly soluble in an aqueous environment, therefore the micronization could make the product not very stable, thus suggesting an immediate consumption from its preparation.

Product features GLUTA MAX- EUROSUP - Micronized glutamine

L-Glutamine - polar amino acid NOT essential in physiological conditions, as it is produced in various tissues, especially in the muscular tissue, starting from glutamate and ammonia. Glutamine is the body's most abundant plasma and muscle amino acid, making up more than 60% of the total amino acid pull. Its high concentrations are justified by the key metabolic role it plays within the human organism, regulating the survival of different cell populations in several steps, in addition to the correct functioning of entire apparatuses. Glutamine is generally remembered for its function as a plasma carrier of amino groups, guaranteeing on the one hand the detoxification from ammonia, potentially toxic for the tissue, and on the other hand facilitating the hepatic elimination in the form of urea. In addition to the functions in the "catabolic" metabolism, this amino acid actively intervenes also in the anabolic one, entering both directly and as a donor of amino groups in the processes of protein synthesis; it also provides an important precursor for the synthesis of endogenous glucose (gluconeogenesis). Furthermore, glutamine intervenes in the metabolism of the central nervous system, crossing the blood-brain barrier, and reaching the neurons, for which it represents not only an energy source but also a glutamate precursor, a powerful excitatory neurotransmitter. We must also remember the plastic and energy function of glutamine, which is important for the survival and proliferation of high mitotic index cells, such as intestinal and immune cells. Glutamine therefore preserves the correct absorption / barrier function of the intestinal mucosa and defense against pathogens.

Although glutamine is generally considered as a NON-essential amino acid, there are some conditions, mostly pathological that - definitely increasing the demand for this amino acid - require a specific integration. Burns, severe trauma, chronic and infectious diseases, and cancer are just some of the above conditions, for which, however, a glutamine-based treatment protocol has not yet been standardized, given the somewhat contrasting results.

Potential benefits for sports use GLUTA MAX- EUROSUP - Micronized glutamine

Intense physical activity, especially when not supported by a correct diet, seems to be one of those situations in which a deficit of this amino acid occurs. The normal physiology of training explains quite simply what happens during intense and prolonged physical activity, in which the proteins and muscle amino acids play a central role. The thrust of cortisol and glucagon towards gluconeogens on the one hand and amino acid oxidative metabolism on the other, determine a strong depletion of glutamine, as it is engaged both as a non-glucide precursor of glucose, and in the transport of excess amino groups to the liver, deriving precisely from muscular catabolism. The first to suffer from these deficiency conditions will be the cells for which glutamine represents the main energy and plastic source, that is intestinal and immune cells, even in the most serious cases, the nervous ones. This disequilibrium condition, in the long run favors the onset of a syndrome known to sportsmen as overtraining or overtraining syndrome, which logically will be accompanied by recurrent infections, deficit in absorption, hormonal imbalance and chronic fatigue.

Rationale for use GLUTA MAX- EUROSUP - Micronized glutamine

In sports practice, glutamine is commonly attributed to functions not justified by scientific evidence. It should also be stressed that the scientific world seems rather skeptical about the efficacy of oral supplementation with this amino acid, recording somewhat contrasting data.

From the careful critical analysis of scientific studies emerged:

  1. Role in recovery: only one study seems to agree on the possibility of improving muscle glycogen resynthesis after physical activity with glutamine, although in studies conducted on obese rats there was an improvement in insulin sensitivity on muscle tissue.
  2. Role in protection: in several studies it has been shown that glutamine supplementation, in athletes subjected to intense physical stress, can normalize the immune response, protecting neutrophils from apoptosis, increasing the concentration of Th lymphocytes and also improving IgA secretion . However, there are studies that do not record any positive results in this regard.

The ergogenic and anabolic properties of GH secretion and the distribution of lean mass do not seem to be supported by significant scientific evidence, although it is worth remembering a rather controversial study in 1995, in which 2 grams of oral glutamine per day increased GH levels about twice, and a more recent one where glutamine has proven effective in reducing some markers of muscle damage such as creatine Kinasi.

Recommended use by the company - GLUTA MAX- EUROSUP - Micronized glutamine

A level measuring spoon (2.5 g) per day, with water or other liquid of your choice

Use in sports GLUTA MAX- EUROSUP - Micronized glutamine

As can be easily seen by looking at the various glutamine-based products, and the published scientific studies, there is no standard dosage or however explicitly accepted by the scientific world. This is because on the one hand there is still so much contradiction on the effects of this amino acid in sports, and on the other because even doses above 20 gr / day seem to be well tolerated. It should be noted, however, that the failure to define an optimal dosage also derives from the absorption kinetics of this amino acid, which is largely consumed by the intestinal mucosa before reaching the circulatory stream.

Positive results in terms of post-workout muscle recovery and protective action were obtained with dosages ranging from 2 to 8 grams per day (the same amount that would be obtained for a 70 kg man who consumes 0.8 / 1.6 grams of protein per kg of body weight).

On the basis of little scientific evidence, pre-workout administration could be used to increase the glutamine pull by supplying the muscular one, and in post-training as an adjunct to the anabolic window.

How to optimize your business - GLUTA MAX- EUROSUP - Micronized glutamine

From the various studies emerges as the association of

Glutamine + BCAA + Protein causes an increase in lean mass after weeks of integration and heavy exercise;

Glutamine + carbohydrates, taken in the post-work-out anabolic window, can facilitate glucose uptake and glycogen resynthesis; taken before intermittent training, they seem to improve athletic performance and reduce the feeling of fatigue.

Glutamine + creatine + ribose, does not seem to provide particular benefits in terms of body composition variation.

Side effects GLUTA MAX- EUROSUP - Micronized glutamine

Several studies have experimented supplementation with doses of oral glutamine even greater than 20 grams, without registering any particular side effect.

A single long-term study, with athletes taking doses of 28 grams per day for 2 weeks, distributed in 4 different assumptions, showed no side effects.

Precautions for use GLUTA MAX- EUROSUP - Micronized glutamine

The product is contraindicated in cases of renal or hepatic disease, cardiovascular disease and / or hypertension, during pregnancy, during lactation, under 12 years and in adolescents not yet trained.

In the event of prolonged use (over 6/8 weeks), medical advice is required.

This article, elaborated on the critical re-reading of scientific articles, university texts and common practice, is for informational purposes only and is therefore not a medical prescription. It is therefore always necessary to consult your doctor, nutritionist or pharmacist before starting to use any kind of supplement . Further information on the critical analysis of GLUTA MAX- EUROSUP - Micronized glutamine.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Kingsbury KJ, Kay L, Hjelm M. Contrasting plasma amino acid patterns in elite athletes: association with fatigue and infection. Br J Sports Med. 1998; 32: 25-33

Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008 Apr; 50 (3): 376-99. Epub 2008 Jan 26.

Risk assessment for the amino acids taurine, L-glutamine and L-arginine.

Shao A, Hathcock JN.

Clinical use of glutamine supplementation.

Wernerman J.

J Nutr. 2008 Oct; 138 (10): 2040S-2044S. Review.

L-glutamine supplementation induces insulin resistance in adipose tissue and imprints insulin signing in the liver and muscle of rats with diet-induced obesity.

Prada PO, Hirabara SM, de Souza CT, Schenka AA, Zecchin HG, Vassal J, Velloso LA, Carneiro E, Carvalheira JB, Curi R, Saad MJ.

Diabetologia. 2007 Sep; 50 (9): 1949-59. Epub 2007 Jun 29.

Effect of physical activity on glutamine metabolism.

Agostini F, Biolo G.

Curr Opin Clin Clin Metab Care. 2010 Jan; 13 (1): 58-64. Review.

Peptide glutamine supplementation for soccer players.

Favano A, Santos-Silva PR, Nakano EY, Pedrinelli A, Hernandez AJ, Greve JM.

Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2008 Feb; 63 (1): 27-32.

Glutamine supplementation prevents exercise-induced neutrophil apoptosis and reduces p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation and p53 and caspase 3 expression.

Lagranha CJ, Hirabara SM, Curi R, Pithon-Curi TC.

Cell Biochem Funct. 2007 Sep-Oct; 25 (5): 563-9.

Impact of glutamine supplementation on glucose homeostasis during and after exercise.

Iwashita S, Williams P, Jabbour K, Ueda T, Kobayashi H, Baier S, Flakoll PJ.

J Appl Physiol. 2005 Nov; 99 (5): 1858-65. Epub 2005 Jul 21.

Effects of effervescent creatine, ribose, and glutamine supplementation on muscular strength, muscular endurance, and body composition.

Falk DJ, Heelan KA, Thyfault JP, Koch AJ.

J Strength Cond Res. 2003 Nov; 17 (4): 810-6.

Nutrition. 1997 Jul-Aug; 13 (7-8): 738-42.

The effects of oral glutamine supplementation on athletes after prolonged, exhaustive exercise.

Castell LM, Newsholme EA.

Lack of functional benefit with glutamine versus placebo in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a randomized crossover trial.

Mok E, Letellier G, Cuisset JM, Denjean A, Gottrand F, Alberti C, Hankard R.

PLoS One. 2009; 4 (5): e5448. Epub 2009 May 6

Glutamine protects against increases in blood ammonia in football players in an exercise intensity-dependent way.

Bassini-Cameron A, Monteiro A, Gomes A, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Cameron L.

Br J Sports Med. 2008 Apr; 42 (4): 260-6. Epub 2007 Nov 5.

Effect of glutamine supplementation combined with resistance training in young adults.

Candow DG, Chilibeck PD, Burke DG, Davison KS, Smith-Palmer T.

Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001 Dec; 86 (2): 142-9.

Cell Biochem Funct. 2010 Jan; 28 (1): 24-30.

Effects of supplementation with free glutamine and the dipeptide alanyl-glutamine on parameters of muscle damage and inflammation in rats submitted to prolonged exercise.

Cruzat VF, Rogero MM, Tirapegui J.

L-glutamine supplementation induces insulin resistance in adipose tissue and imprints insulin signing in the liver and muscle of rats with diet-induced obesity.

Prada PO, Hirabara SM, de Souza CT, Schenka AA, Zecchin HG, Vassal J, Velloso LA, Carneiro E, Carvalheira JB, Curi R, Saad MJ.

Diabetologia. 2007 Sep; 50 (9): 1949-59. Epub 2007 Jun 29.

Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2001 Oct; 281 (4): C1259-65.

Effect of glutamine supplementation on exercise-induced changes in lymphocyte function.

Krzywkowski K, Petersen EW, Ostrowski K, Kristensen JH, Boza J, Pedersen BK.

Examination of the efficacy of acute L-alanyl-L-glutamine ingestion during hydration stress in endurance exercise.

Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Kang J, Rashti SL, Kelly N, Gonzalez AM, Stec M, Anderson S, Bailey BL, Yamamoto LM, Hom LL, Kupchak BR, Faigenbaum AD, Maresh CM.

J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010 Feb 3; 7: 8.

J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Aug; 20 (3): 643-53.

The effects of protein and amino acid supplementation on performance and training

Kerksick CM, Rasmussen CJ, Lancaster SL, Magu B, Smith P, Melton C, Greenwood M, Almada AL, Earnest CP, Kreider RB.

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2006 Oct; 31 (5): 518-29.

Addition of glutamine to essential amino acids and carbohydrates

Wilkinson SB, Kim PL, Armstrong D, Phillips SM.