Shoulder rehabilitation items
The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the human body, but at the same time it has the least intrinsic stability due to the anatomical configuration of its osteo-articular components.
For this reason the myo-tendon, capsular and ligamentous parts are subjected to considerable functional overload.
The main problems are related to the rotator cuff (conflict) and glenoid vein disorders (insertion of the long head of the biceps).
Shoulder recovery protocols
1) Postural study of the subject (the theory of kinetic chains says that the cause of a problem can be located far from the district concerned).
2) Possible rearrangement and restoration of correct functional and myofascial mobility.
3) Eccentric self-stretching.
4) Compensatory enhancement of the external rotators (lat machine, pull, pulley, daily routine with light weight and elastic).
Back rehabilitation items
Volleyball is one of the most risky sports with regard to the onset of low back pain, whether they are discal, muscular or deriving from spondylolysis.
These are often associated with sciatica pains that tend to increase with training, until they become highly debilitating. It is therefore necessary that the acute lumbago be managed with the utmost care.
Especially in adolescent back pains large loads should be avoided, taking care of the posture and technique of execution of the athletic gesture.
Back recovery protocols (1)
1) Postural study of the subject (flexor rigidity).
2) Limitation of overloading and study of executive techniques.
3) No exercises with torsion of the trunk (attention to lateral movements).
4) Athletic reconditioning in the water.
5) Stretching, breathing exercises, abdominal toning.
Back recovery protocols (2)
1) Stand up, mobilizing the pelvis without bending the knees.
2) Standing with semi-bent legs, hug the knees and bring the torso to the legs.
3) On your knees, sitting on your heels, hug your knees and bring your upper body to your legs.
4) Lie on your back, bring your knees to your chest and extend your spine
5) Lie on your side, legs connected and bent at 90 °, opening the shoulders and turning the right and left bust.
6) Repeat es.5 with one leg extended and the other bent on one side
7) Lie down on your back, bring your legs behind your head and rest on your shoulders.
8) Lie down prone resting on the hands, position of the cobra
9) In quadrupedia prone, rachis mobilization.
Elements of knee rehabilitation
The first group includes distal insertional tendinopathies of the extensor apparatus (jumper of the jumper in the under and suprarotulum area and on the tibial tuberosity) and cartilaginous inflammations (acute and chronic chondrites).
The second group includes all the results of distortive traumas (ligamentous suffering, medial or external meniscal rupture, lesion of the total or partial anterior cruciate ligament).
Knee recovery protocols
1) Postural study and means (footwear, training fund).
2) Cryotherapy and rest (limitation of jumps and overloads, avoid joint infiltration).
3) Stretching (quadriceps and flexors).
4) Closed kinetic chain isometry (maximum extension and last degrees).
5) Increased angles and workloads (articular proprioceptors are better activated in exercises performed in an upright position with vertical load).
Ankle rehabilitation elements
Speaking of injuries to the ankle means talking about distortions. These are more frequent in inversion and are distinguished in four different degrees of gravity:
Grade 0: distortion without ligament injury.
Grade 1: rupture of the anterior talar peroneal.
Grade 2: anterior, peroneocalcaneal peroneal and astragalus rupture and part of the capsule.
Grade 3: rupture of anterior peroneal, astragalic, peronocalcaneal, talus and calcaneal anemia and large capsular lesion (exclusively surgical treatment).
The purpose of rehabilitation must be primarily to limit the onset of chronic post-traumatic instability.
Ankle recovery protocols
1) Immobilization and compression, ice, limb elevation, rest.
2) Recovery of joint mobility (including passive) with open chain exercises.
3) Proprioceptive re-education and recovery of localized muscle tone.
4) Postural study and techniques (correct plantar support).
Muscle rehabilitation elements
According to a simple classification the muscular lesions can be due to direct traumas (contusions) and indirect ones (elongation, distraction, tearing).
In elongations (contractures) there is onset of pain on the whole muscle in a phase subsequent to the working phase (usually the day after).
In distractions (strains) there is acute onset of pain. There is no muscle injury, but an increase in tone with sore strips all over the muscle and a progressive inability to continue the activity.
In the tears (1 ° -2 ° -3 ° degree) there is an acute onset of pain. A more or less extensive muscular lesion is present, there is immediate functional impotence and the gesture that generated the problem can be described.
Muscle recovery protocols
1) Recovery after injury is complete in contractures and strains, incomplete in the case of tears.
2) Postural study of the subject (control of district imbalances and insufficiencies). An overload of muscle tissue leads to an injury with clinical symptoms that in turn cause imbalances and muscle weakness.
This leads to new functional adaptations and further overloading, therefore to a new probable injury to the same or to other muscles.
3) Proper stretching and heating.
4) Recovery of full functionality (tone, elasticity, specific coordination).
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Edited by: Lorenzo Boscariol
