Definition
Delirium tremens is a pathological reaction associated with prolonged intake of excessive amounts of alcohol, which occurs as a withdrawal syndrome.
In subjects suffering from chronic alcoholism, this event usually begins 48-72 hours after the beginning of the suspension of the consumption of alcoholic beverages, causing anxiety attacks, growing confusion, sleep disturbances (with nightmares or night-time illusions), increased heart rate cardiac and temperature, profuse sweating and deep depression.
Delirium tremens is commonly associated with disorientation and fleeting hallucinations that induce restlessness, agitation and fear. Patients are sensitive to numerous sensory stimuli, particularly to objects seen in semi-darkness; vestibular disorders can create the impression that the floor is moving or that the walls are falling.
The physical effects of abstinence can include chills and tremor at the level of the hands, which sometimes extends to the head and trunk. Ataxia is remarkable and care must be taken to prevent self-injurious gestures.
Although this syndrome may be fatal in subjects in impaired general conditions, the course is generally self-limiting and ends with prolonged sleep.
Remission of delirium tremens generally begins within 12-24 hours, and if there are no signs of marked improvement during this time, it is important to rule out other associated conditions such as electrolyte abnormalities, alcoholic hepatitis, subdural hematoma and disorders kidney.
Possible Causes * of Delirium tremens
- Alcoholism
- Serotonin syndrome
